Coffee Shop Draft Proposal - 5306 Words

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION From a cultural standpoint, coffeehouses largely serve as centers of social interaction. The coffeehouse provides social members with a place to cognate, talk, write, read, entertain one another, or pass the time, whether individually or in small groups of 2 or 3. Every Morning it will not be complete without breakfast and a cup of coffee in the table of the Filipinos. Sometimes they only drink coffee to fill up their stomach when they are in hurry for office or even for school; it keeps them awake. They say that it help’s blood to flow better. Coffee shops or coffeehouses have been in use since 16th century, particularly in the Middle East, where Turkish coffee house was drunk and men played board games or†¦show more content†¦FINANCIAL ASPECT 1. How much will be the total cost of the business? 2. What will be the primary financing the business? 3. How long will it take to recover the installed primary capital? 4. What financial strategies are to be adopted for the feasibility of the project initial capitalization and growth? 5. How to determine the sources for financing the business? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was designed to determine the feasibility and accessibility of the Daniel Cafà © at the Robinson’s Place Ermita, Manila The study aims to locate the best possible site for the type of coffee shop chosen, taking into consideration the degree of competition, the potential for growth and expansion, and the contribution to profit. The overall objective of the study is to determine feasibility of putting up this type of business (Coffee Shop) and to be able to determine the needs of the costumers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study undertakes to prove whether the proposed project would e feasible or not. The results of the study are significant with regard to following. With the establishment of this proposed project this can add revenue to the government because of the taxes it will pay. The proposed project will benefit the people by providing employment while also serving the public within an entertaining coffee shop. Individuals, researcher and students who are doing studiesShow MoreRelatedCoffee Shop Draft Proposal1434 Words   |  6 Pages* Coffee filters, baked goods, salads, sandwiches, tea, beverages, etc. – Php7 , 900 * Retail supplies (napkins, coffee bags, cleaning , etc.)-php 1,840 * Office supplies –php 287 * Equipment for the total amount of php 59,170: * Espresso machine-php 6,000 * Coffee maker-php900 * Coffee grinder-php200 * Food service equipment (microwave, tosters,dishwasher,refrigerator,blender,etc.)-php18,000 * Storage hardware (bins,utensils rack, shelves, food case)-phpRead MoreBusiness Report. Independent Coffee Shop Start Up . . .1835 Words   |  8 Pages Business Report INDEPENDENT COFFEE SHOP START UP Executive Summary This report is to demonstrate a new concept for an independent coffee shop and to explain the research approach that has been taken in order to achieve this. A detailed requirement for this report will be as followed: †¢ Planning – a detailed step by step plan will be demonstrated in order to complete the actions required for this report. †¢ Development – Researching the aims and objectives as well as all theRead MoreEssay on Implications of Internet Usage on Students Attitudes1584 Words   |  7 Pagesto November 1995 through MIMOS study, found there is 20 thousand internet users in Malaysia and increase become 700 thousand in year 2000 and consequently almost four million in year 2004. Consumer can reach everywhere including at restaurant, coffee shop and various places more (Painter, 2001). In the beginning, internet usages are limited to adult. Nowadays, usage internet is unlimited to adult only. The kids also use internet. For example, facebook. Facebook is a social site. Consumer ofRead MoreLife Cycle Check17328 Words   |  70 PagesCheck A Guide © Translation Henrik Wenzel and Nina Caspersen, Institute for Product Development, Anders Schmidt, dk-TEKNIK Special edition adapted for course 42372, Tech.University of Denmark by dr. Michael Hauschild, September 2000.  © IPU. First draft can only be used outside IPU with special permission. -do not copy- Preface This Guide has been written in connection with the project with the Danish title Stimulering af mindre virksomheders interesse for arbejdet med renere produkter (StimulatingRead MoreHtc Company Introduction.Pdf2272 Words   |  10 PagesContents ï‚Ÿ ï‚Ÿ ï‚Ÿ ï‚Ÿ Market research Concept creation Facilities investigation Feasibility study ï‚Ÿ Establish direction ï‚Ÿ Possible brand selection ï‚Ÿ Brand comparison - Advantage Disadvantage - Contract conditions - Cost †¢ Appropriate brand proposal ï‚Ÿ Design consulting ï‚Ÿ Construction supervising ï‚Ÿ Creating manual ï‚Ÿ Recruiting ï‚Ÿ HR training ï‚Ÿ Purchasing FFE ï‚Ÿ Pre-marketing ï‚Ÿ License ï‚Ÿ Preopening preparation ï‚Ÿ Marketing ï‚Ÿ Management Performance Period ï‚Ÿ 3 months ï‚Ÿ 3 months Read MoreBraun Ag: the Kf 40 Coffee Machine13776 Words   |  56 Pages9-990-001 DESIGN MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE CASE STUDY Braun AG: The KF 40 Coffee Machine This case study came from the Case Study Research and Development Program at the Design Management Institute’s Center for Research. The Center conducts research and develops educational materials on the role of design and design management in business success. Case studies, the Design Management Journal, reprints from the Journal, and other educational materials are available from the Design ManagementRead MoreBraun Ag: the Kf 40 Coffee Machine13786 Words   |  56 Pages9-990-001 DESIGN MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE CASE STUDY Braun AG: The KF 40 Coffee Machine This case study came from the Case Study Research and Development Program at the Design Management Institute’s Center for Research. The Center conducts research and develops educational materials on the role of design and design management in business success. Case studies, the Design Management Journal, reprints from the Journal, and other educational materials are available from the Design Management InstituteRead MoreThe Myth of Csr5260 Words   |  22 Pagesyears from a fringe activity by a few earnest companies, like The Body Shop, and Ben Jerry’s, to a highly visible priority for traditional corporate leaders from Nike to McDonald’s. Reports of good corporate behavior are now commonplace in the media, from GlaxoSmithKline’s donation of antiretroviral medications to Africa, to Hewlett-Packard’s corporate volunteering programs, to Starbucks’ high-volume purchases of Fair Trade coffee. In fact, CSR has gained such prominence that the Ec onomist devotedRead MoreCadbury an Ethical Company Struggles to Insure the Integrity of Its Supply Chain9806 Words   |  40 Pagestrade in elephant tusks) was part of France’s extensive colonies in Western Africa that included the present-day countries of Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Guinea, Cà ´te d’Ivoire and Niger. Owing to varied agricultural exports (which included coffee and palm oil in addition to cocoa), Cà ´te d’Ivoire was the most prosperous region of French West Africa and supported an extensive community of French expatriates. As a result, Cà ´te d’Ivoire became a magnet for migrant laborers from neighboring coloniesRead MoreCadbury an Ethical Company Struggles to Insure the Integrity of Its Supply Chain9818 Words   |  40 Pagestrade in elephant tusks) was part of France’s extensive colonies in Western Africa that included the present-day countries of Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Guinea, Cà ´te d’Ivoire and Niger. Owing to varied agricultural exports (which included coffee and palm oil in addition to cocoa), Cà ´te d’Ivoire was the most prosperous region of French West Africa and supported an extensive community of French expatriates. As a result, Cà ´te d’Ivoire became a magnet for migrant laborers from neighboring colonies

Confucius The Golden Age Of China - 1504 Words

Confucius lived at a time when China was warring among itself. He was saddened by what he saw happening in China and wanted China to be united and great again. I do not believed Confucius sat out to be one of China’s greatest philosopher. He only wanted to return China to its glory, what he considered to be the golden age of China. Confucius wanted to bring back the upright moral values that the Zhou Dynasty modeled. Confucius believed that if he can find an emperor that will adopt his teachings they will maintain the Tianming or the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven was very important at those times since the Duke of the Zhou made a speech explaining that heaven gave a family the right to rule and that Dynasties†¦show more content†¦His thinking was that strong families will make strong communities which will make a strong government. Confucius believed that if the Emperor lived morally so will the people. If the Emperor didn’t show respect to hi s elders, then what will his followers do? Confucius saw the Emperor as the father to the whole country. Confucius says, â€Å"If you desire what is good, the people will be good. The moral power of the gentleman is wind, the moral power of the common man is grass. Under the wind, the grass must bend. (777)’. The gentleman was a man who had perfected being a superior man and Confucius believed all men should strive to become a gentleman. Confucius saw Filal piety associated with a state of mind that people knew who they were and where their place was in life and respected one another accordingly. This action he believed brought order and stability to the people. Confucius saw Filal piety in the way the Duke of the Zhou declared himself regent to his nephew, and while most thought he was trying get the throne. He only wanted to make sure the neighboring Lords did not take advantage of the young King. This is a great example of Filal piety. The Duke of Zhou cared for his nephew the way he should. In this behavior you can see that the duke of Zhou had the teaching of Filal piety instilled him. Confucius says, â€Å"When the father is alive, watch the son’s actions. If three years later, the son has not veered from the father’s way, he may be called aShow MoreRelatedConfucianism Is A Comprehensive System Of Thought And Behavior Encompassing Religion, Philosophy, Morality, And Political Science1441 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical science.† Its teachings have shaped the political and social development of China for hundreds of years, and leaves its mark in ancient history. Confucius’s teachings dealt mainly with personal and political morality - he taught what it meant to be a just ruler and a man of principles and honour. His teachings sought to restore the Mandate of Heaven to the rulers in order for peace and prosperity to return to China. His main goal was to help the individuals achieve social and personal perfe ctionRead MoreChina s Largest Population On Earth1727 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction China is home to the largest population on Earth and they have experienced dramatic growth during their recent history. China’s GDP in 1952 was a mere 67.9 billion USD which has grown to 10.87 trillion USD today. This GDP growth is mirrored and positively correlated with China’s tremendous population growth. China has experienced a population growth from under 552 million in 1950 to nearly 1.4 billion today. This tremendous growth has brought about an increased dependence onRead MoreThe Periods of Success and Decline in the Dynastic Cycle1121 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the Han dynasty drew from the teachings of Confucius to create the Han Synthesis. This formed the traditional belief in China that history repeats itself and directly contributed to the Dynastic Cycle. This is demonstrated by the use of Confucius teachings, the Dynastic Cycle and the Han Synthesis when addressing the Good Life, Good Society and Good State respectivel y. Each of these philosophies highlight that Chinese history repeats itself by casting light on thisRead MoreThe Impact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India1525 Words   |  7 PagesImpact Confucius, Gandhi, and Western Ideas had on China, Japan, and India ‘The future depends on what you do today’(Gandhi). In Japan, China, and India each country was faced with similar opportunities, and chose a different path that has impacted their future, setting them aside from one another. When Western countries came into China, India, and Japan, each country reacted differently to the Western ideas that these foreigners brought which would then change the culture. Japan and China secludedRead MoreConfucianism Essay example1230 Words   |  5 Pageseducation, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. Rather than a religion such as Christianity and Buddhism, Confucianism is more a philosophy of living. A man by the name of Kung Fu Tzu (pronounced as Confucius in English) developed the way of thinking that is Confucianism. He was born in 551 B.C in Lu, China of a poor family. At age 15, he dedicated himself to studying withRead MoreConfucianism Is An Eastern Asia Religion / Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesConfucianism is neither said to be a monotheistic nor a polytheistic religion. This religion originated in China during the 6th-5th century BCE, and has since then spread to countries such as Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Confucianism which means â€Å"The School of the Scholars† developed from the teachings of Confucius. It is more a system of ethics and social behavior. People who follow the teachings of Confucius also observe traditional Chinese religion, which is a combination of Confucianism, Taoism, and BuddhismRead MoreJourney Of The West Is A Chinese Novel By China And Taiwan s Education System1574 Words   |  7 Pagesor Tripitaka’s journey to retrieve original Buddhist sutras for China. The influence of Journey to the West has become insurmountable in Asian cultures and has managed to help both Taoism and Buddhism to surge in popularity and stay relevant today. Being one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, Journey to the West has been successfully adapted into various forms of media and is often a required read in both China and Taiwan’s education system. What makes Journey to the West standRead MoreConfucius Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesConfucius Confucius created a system of thinking called Confucianism. If only one word could be used to summarize the Chinese way of life for the last two thousand years, that word would be Confucian. No other person has had as great an effect on the life and thought of the Chinese people as Confucius. He is the most adored person in Chinese history. Confucius claimed no greatness, instead he looked to a past time that he saw as the golden age. He told one of his disciples, I transmit butRead MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words   |  5 Pagesideas. For a long period after the Golden Age of Greece, philosophy was largely derivative. (2009, p.66) Even with the decrease of wisdom philosophies, ancient Greek theories and philosophies are clearly associated Western psychology. Ancient Roots of psychology in China China has ancient roots in psychology originating with a philosophy that has shaped the culture of China. I was impressed to learn how far back the thinking of psychology was present in China as described by Jing and Fu: PsychologicalRead MoreConfucius Vs. Laozi On The State Of Nonaction1679 Words   |  7 Pages Confucius vs, Laozi on the State of Nonaction Confucius (551–479 B.C.E.) and Laozi are some of the most renowned Chinese philosophers of all times. Laozi is considered by many scholars as a contemporary of Confucius. Indeed, the philosophies of the two scholars share a lot in common one of them being that they are critical of the world they live in because of disorder, which they attribute to deviation from the â€Å"way† of the golden period. Also, both their philosophies see the state of â€Å"nonaction†

Ethical Dilemma in ICT Improved Equipments and System

Question: Describe about the Ethical Dilemma in ICT for Improved Equipments and System. Answer: Introduction The information system and technology has been in a state of development since the introduction of improved equipments and system. The growth of technology has also made the development of ICT evitable for the growing companies and organizations (Vaishnavi Kuechler, 2015). The ethical issues and flaws have also grown with the increase of uses of technology and information system. The developed technology has been misused by many people for their personal gain and for harming others. The following assignment has been made on the application of Doing Ethics Technique on a selected article for addressing and understanding the ethical issues of cyber crimes on others. Application of Doing Ethics Technique (DET) Selected article- Smaller firms set to 'face 52bn in fines' for security breaches as cyber-crime skyrockets by OWEN (2017). Step 1: Short Summary of the ethical scenario According to Owen (2017), the British Firms have become a subject to 230,000 attacks by cyber criminals in the year 2016. The total amount of loss tolled to be approximately 52 billion pounds (83.87 billion Australian dollars). The study has shown that the cyber attack had an average frequency of over 1000 on a daily basis in UK. It is an alarming situation for the business organizations as the firewall security is not enough to resist the attack and protect their data from external influence. The chairman of internet service provider Beaming has warned people for not taking these attacks lightly. The current rate of attack on cyber structure can rise to 122 billion pounds in the year 2018, if proper strategies are not applied and implemented (Jacobo, 2016). The development and increase in the issues of National Cyber Security have risen to the loss of 5.26 billion in a year. Step 2: List of stakeholders The stakeholders are very important for any business organization as they form the base for supporting the business organizations with financial support and resources (Moore, 2012). The ethical dilemma has shown that the cyber criminals have harmed the business organizations with the loss of financial resources. The primary stakeholders that have to face negative consequence due to the unethical cyber criminal issues are the organization owners and stakeholders (CEO, Managers, Directors, Investors, Customers, and sponsors). The cyber criminals are the stakeholders that have been benefitted from the cyber criminal activities. They have used the technical knowledge and advancement for getting personal gain by attacking the privacy of information. The non human stakeholders include the computer technology ethics and legal rights to privacy that have been violated in the scenario. Step 3: Ideals and Rights. The ethical issue has given rise to financial loss for the business organization and the involved individuals with the organization. The legal right to privacy and confidentiality of information has also been violated in the ethical dilemma (Melden, 2013). The cyber criminals have used the technology of hacking for getting into the secured system of the business organization and extract the information from the system without any consent of the owner. It has shown the unethical use of technology and equipments for personal gain. The unethical hacking and getting into someone elses data base has shown the non abidance of the computer technology ethics and rights. The personal information of the stakeholders and business organizations data are extracted in the above ethical dilemma. Step 4: Obligations and Laws The cyber criminals have deified the computer technological ethics and given rise to ethical dilemma for the small business organizations and the individuals connected to the organizations (Moore, 2012). The legal obligations included in the ethical dilemma are loss of information authenticity due to misuse by the cyber criminals. The cyber criminals have targeted small business organizations to make money out of the attack. The attackers have used ransom ware for hindering the process of business organizations and access to the information. The owners of the business organization would have to pay a considerable amount to the attackers for letting them use the system for their processes and access the files from the system. According to Kim (2015), the ACS has formed the laws that abide the improper use of technology for harassing the people. Step 5: Consequences for Each Stakeholders The ethical dilemma has resulted in harming the operations of business organizations and the individuals involved in the project. The development of the hacking tools has been deployed for bypassing the security of the information system and extracting the information from the system (Hansson, 2016). The involved stakeholders in the project are organization owners and stakeholders (CEO, Managers, Directors, Investors, Customers, and sponsors), cyber criminals, computer technology ethics, and legal rights to privacy. The human stakeholders that have been negatively affected from the ethical dilemma are the organizations stakeholders and other involved persons. They have to face loss of financial resources due to the mentioned ethical dilemma. The cyber criminals are another stakeholder involved in the scenario. However, they have been positively affected from the issue as they are the initiators of the attack and they gain benefits from the other parties. The non human stakeholders are the computer technology ethics and legal rights to privacy. The unethical use of computer technology has resulted in harming the computer ethics. The rights to privacy of information have also been violated in the scenario. Step 6: Ethical Theories Act Utilitarianism: The ethical dilemma has resulted in decreasing the overall happiness of organization owners and stakeholders (CEO, Managers, Directors, Investors, Customers, and sponsors) by harming the financial stability of the organization (Vaishnavi Kuechler, 2015). Hence, the Utilitarianism would help in modification of the thinking of the cyber criminals and prevent them from misusing the technology. Act Kantianism: The Kantianism theory is helpful for rectification of moral contradictions and logical reasoning that results in solving the unethical issues. According to Hay (2013), the Kantianism theory has the possibility for providing moral lifting of the hackers and cyber criminals to rise above their personal benefits and avoid the unethical practices. Rule Utilitarianism: The rule utilitarianism has been used for solving the issues related with hacking and uplifting of the overall happiness. Social contract theory: The social contract theory applies for supporting the ethical practices in computer technology. Step 7: Solution Summaries The smaller companies should design and implement the process of encryption for their information system storage system. The use of secured design would allow the users for the protecting the information from wireless hackers. Windows firewall is useful for protecting the network security of the information system (Biham Shamir, 2012). However, it has flaws that have been utilized by hackers for getting into the system. Hence, the use of IDS/IPS would be helpful for protecting the network from unauthorized access. The system development of the wireless information system should have integrated and password protection for dealing with the cyber criminals. The lack of self realization among the users has resulted in increasing the occurrence of unethical hacking issues. Conclusion Doing ethics can be defined as the process of analyzing the issues and evaluating methods of their solutions for any specific ethical problem related to technology. The assignment had evaluated the various stakeholders for the small business organization and it has shown the affect of the ethical dilemma on these stakeholders. The various theories of Ethical Science like, Utilitarianism, Kantianism theory, rule utilitarianism, and Social contract theory has been analyzed in the assignment above. The solution summarizes the various methods for dealing with the ethical issues. The solutions are designing and implementing the process of encryption, using secured design for information system, windows firewall, and IDS/IPS technique. The overall analysis of the assignment has shown the development of optimized solution for the ethical issue of hacking into the system. References Biham, E., Shamir, A. (2012).Differential cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard. Springer Science Business Media. Hansson, S. O. (2016). The Ethics of Doing Ethics.Science and engineering ethics, 1-16. Hay, C. (2013).Kantianism, Liberalism, and Feminism: Resisting Oppression. Springer. Jacobo, J. (2016).More Than 100 Cars Stolen by High-Tech Thieves: Police.ABC News. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://abcnews.go.com/US/houston-police-100-cars-stolen-high-tech-thieves/story?id=41124433 Kim, J. (2015). A Study on the Development of the Emergent System Recovery in an Effective Way from Hacking Attacks or Security Incidents.International Journal of Security and Its Applications,9(8), 187-194. Melden, A. (2013).Ethical theories. Read Books Ltd. Moore, A. D. (2012). Owning genetic information and gene enhancement techniques: why privacy and property rights may undermine social control of the human genome.Bioethics,14(2). OWEN, V. (2017).Smaller firms set to 'face 52bn in fines' for security breaches as cyber-crime skyrockets.www.dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/money/smallbusiness/article-4120352/Smaller-firms-set-face-52bn-fines-security-breaches-cyber-crime-skyrockets.html?ITO=1490 Vaishnavi, V. K., Kuechler, W. (2015).Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. Crc Press.

Strengthen the Food Intake Structure In Human Beings

Question: Describe about the Strengthen the Food Intake Structure In Human Beings. Answer: Introduction A chronic disorder like obesity effects individuals as well as populations. Virtually speaking, all obese people develop chronic diseases post 40 years of age in urban areas like Southwark. Medical intervention is required by the age of 60. Obesity is the primary concern in several diseases including cancer, cardiac malfunction, diabetes, etc. There can be several contributing factors to the rise of obesity in urban areas. The factors are psychological, nutritional, habitual, physiological, behavioral, genetic, neurological, social and occasionally even pathological or drug induced. According to Sharma 2009, Telling someone with obesity to simply eat less is about as effective as telling someone with depression to simply cheer up but overeating and eating disorders are important contributing factors effecting obesity rates in urban areas. The common idea about the situation is that in UK obesity is primarily driven by over consumption of nutrient-poor food. Reduction of physical acti vity is another one of the issues contributing to the rise of obesity in urban UK communities. Considering the district of Southwark, we can conclude that one of the daunting health issues faced by the inhabitants of the area is Obesity. Public health has great significance and requires immediate attention in order to address and minimize the issue. The newly adopted health initiatives not only focus on individuals suffering from disease but also cover the wellbeing of the whole population. In Southwark Obesity has emerged as a serious concern because it starts at very early age in children. The assignment discusses the rationale of choosing obesity as a significant health issue in Southwark. The determinants considered and the urban context of the issue is addressed in the assignment. Obesity is a condition in which accumulation of body fat has negative impact on a persons health. Obesity leads to many other diseases and is considered an aftereffect of unhealthy life style of different people all over the world. This report aims to discuss and dissect the root causes of Obesi ty among inhabitants of Southwark, its effects and strategies to address the issue are also discussed in brief detail. c) Rationale, why Obesity is an urban health issue for Southwark The latest figures reveal that the obesity rate in children living in deprived areas of UK is the highest. The data quoted by Health and Social Care Information Center (HSCIC) states that for 6-year-old children of deprived areas obesity rates were recorded to be 24.7%. This was excessively high when compared to the child obesity rate of 13.1% prevailing in rest of the country. The concern here is that there has been increase in percentage of obese people with the passing of every year. The phenomenon of urbanization has been on rise since the last decade; however, deprived areas have faced recurring episodes of health debacles. The population of Southwark is diverse; the community is segregated based on ethnicity, culture as well as language. The people of the community are divided by social stature and financial status. According to a recent survey, it has been indicated that the population of Southwark is approximately 3 million, out of which 63% of the population is white, 8% bla ck Caribbean and 16% black African (Southwark 2000). Obesity is considered as a serious health issue in Southwark as one fourth of the communitys youth population is obese at an early age of 6. According to WHO, obesity statistics have nearly doubled since 1980.Obesity has become a global phenomenon and therefore, therefore the term global obesity is more appropriate. The rise in obesity implicates two major reasons: (1) increment in the intake of energy-rich foods that have extremely high fat content, (2) reduction in physical activity by the people. This result in imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended (Council 2005). The statistics are shown in the following table. This is the kind of addiction that involves food instead of drugs. Food addiction is more common than people think it to be. In most of the cases of food addiction, people keep on eating even if they have no place left in their stomachs. This disorder can also be categorized as abuse of food items; it can cause serious hazards (Councils and Newton 2012). The most common outcomes of this disorder are psychological in nature and can have severe consequences. In this report, we would try to evaluate and understand overeating with the help of existing framework, for substance abuse disorder. Junk food has become the way of life and status symbol for the urban population. People go to high-end restaurants at any given instance just to display their social standing and financial status. The children are awarded with fast food meals for every good deed; every trip is punctuated by fast food breaks. This is primarily an urban problem because such restaurant chains and fast food joints are part of the urban culture. There is practically no mention of vegetables or fruits. Moreover, people residing in urban areas have no time to cook their own food that is why they depend on junk food. These reasons can sufficiently back up the idea that obesity is an urban issue. Is obesity absent in the rural areas? No. However, more people that are obese walk the roads of cities in comparison to villages or the countryside. According to the sick city hypothesis although cities have had the opportunity to be the centre of action and prosperity at all times, they also have had to withstand the worst of plagues, poverty and continuous bouts of health issues. For instance, Southwark is a well to do district of central London but incidentally three out of five residents of the area are experiencing the rage of obesity. Now, obesity is not just a problem, it is the root cause of a number of diseases. It has become a major problem of the area. Then there is the concept of urban health penalty which describes how the urban population is increasing with each passing day and becoming more convoluted. The number of poor people s increasing and the health benefits offered to them are decreasing by the minute. They do not get the most basic of necessities in most of the cases, no healthcare, no food, and no choice. They have to eat what they get. d) Urban Context and determinants to explain Obesity Health is one of the precious blessings of God and it is a fact that everybody wants to live a healthy life. There may be different reasons behind this desire but still their purpose is same: healthy life equals to a happy life. Health is the most amazing blessing that enables a person to enjoy his life without difficulties marring his experience. However, when a persons health is compromised, he is unable to sustain his life and live independently. The growing health issues around the world are making human life pathetic. Almost all the countries have ineffective health policies and incapable health sectors, which never address the health issues properly (Gibbs, Mann and Mathers 2015). The basic needs of millions and billions of people remain unfulfilled. From sanitation issues and malnutrition to unavailability of safe drinking water, there are numerous ills prevailing which drifts humankind towards acute diseases. Thus, human life is drifting towards a major catastrophe. The deter iorating state of affairs calls for a concrete health campaign, which could address the health issues on an urgent basis. This campaign should be introduced and implemented around the world unilaterally. More importantly, continued attention should be paid to the epidemic diseases like obesity so that, it can be wiped out from the developed and underdeveloped areas of the world for example Southwark of London. The key determinants to study the urban issue of obesity are social stature, carrying of different diseases, smoking, malnutrition, number of children and urbanization of the society. The dismal performance on most of these fronts by the inhabitants of area speaks about the impact of this urban health issue. There are many determinants of obesity in the district of Southwark. The list of determinants includes: Diet: An individuals food habit plays a very important role. The family they live in influences their food habit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the urban family structure influences the food habits. Adult obesity can be tracked back to and related to parental obesity. Low cost energy dense food items can attract children as well as adults of urban localities like Southwark where the availability of such items is also high. Physical activity: Nobody is interested in spending time outdoors in this day and time. Adults are too busy, teenagers are too lazy and children are more interested in fries and video games. The urban societal structure has enabled this behavior amongst the urban population. Easy availability of commodities, food items and leisure items has helped this attitude. Obesity is the product of such behavior in the urban population. Moreover, in case of children there is an increased pressure on academic stature and decreased stress on physical activity. Socio-economic status: An interesting dichotomy can be viewed in the relationship between socio-economic status and weight gain. The urban poor of the developed countries are vulnerable because of poor diet availability as well as lack of physical activity. Eat what is cheap and eat what you get is the motto amongst the urban poor. They do not have the liberty or the monetary support to choose food items based on nutritional value. They are bound to choose from a list of available items. Culture and tradition: The set belief system in the urban population has been passed down through generations. The societal structure influences the belief system. This condition is more prevalent in developing countries but flecks of the belief system can also be found in developed countries like UK. There is a common myth in the reserved urban societies that a fat child is a healthy and happy child and a fat adult is a rich adult. In Southwark, the community is essentially rich and believes in showing off their stand in the society that is why overeating and eating at posh restaurants is encouraged. Animal Model of Over Eating and Diagnosis of Food Addiction This study considers the intake of sugar in an eating model. The animal used for testing is a rat. The experimenter would give the rat some food containing glucose after keeping it hungry for 10-12 hours. After a few days, more sugar intake patterns are observed and recorded. The result depicts a strange pattern of increased food intake during the first hour of provision. The observation revealed that the rats developed anxiety at a continuous level and affinity for sugar. On another group of rats, the same procedure was followed except that they were administered food after 30-minute intervals. They also showed affinity for sugar in form of sucrose (Bunyan, Murrell and Shah 1976). This overeating model is now discussed in terms of addiction. This model contains sufficient data to diagnose addiction. The question that needs to be first addressed is consideration of amount of the substance or food that is being used. The sucrose intake reveals the addiction of the animal. Then, the question arises that how much the subject showed dependence on the addictive food material? The weakness of this model is that it does not demonstrate non-discontinuity of the behavior with some application of unpleasant stimulus (Holland 1972). The unpleasant stimuli can be foot shock, nose poke etc. It should demonstrate the changes in the usage pattern under negative influence. This particular thing cannot be seen in this model. Further application of the procedure might also have revealed that even if the rats are given some punishment form of electric shocks or nose pokes, they will remain persistent in obtaining the sucrose. We can conclude that for any model of overeating, we need to observe the variance in disposition to its growth process. Binge eating in human society is a common occurrence similar with all the animal models of over eating because there is pattern of compulsive ingestion that is being followed here. The food that is being used in case of human studies and surveys should be more sugary in nature so that it can come under the category of 'Highly palatable food' for humans (Kolotourou et al. 2013). The normal food that is used for rodents will not show the desired results because the food used will not be tempting rather than it would be normal for the rodents to swallow this food. e) Public health consequences of Obesity on Southwark Obesity being such a deadly disease has lot of negative health impacts on the human body. The impacts range from physical to psychological and affect social scenarios as well. On the physical end, obese people in Southwark have been recorded to develop a lot of serious diseases like high blood pressure, heart issues, stroke, infertility, liver issues and lot of problems for pregnant women. These diseases are deadly and can have serious impact on the human body. The researchers have come up with an alarming news that life expectancy of obese people is reduced by 9 years. If we see the condition of the Southwark community, it is revealed that one of these serious diseases has affected most of them and the root cause of their disease is obesity. On the psychological front, the situation is not very pleasing either as obesity affects the life in real sense. The obese people develop lot of psychological disorders as well which affects their quality of life badly. Some of the most common issues being faced by obese people in Southwark include anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, dissatisfaction and poor quality of life. They always find themselves in a sorry state and seem fed up with life. Similarly, on the social front the situation is quite devastating as well because obese people face lot of discrimination at work, schools, healthcare facilities and even foreign locations. They find it difficult to relate with others and thus avoid public exposure and interaction. Furthermore, they find it difficult to make friends and socialize. Therefore, the impacts of obesity are devastating and life threatening. Neuro-imaging has revealed that food reward can affect the eating behaviors of the species largely. The experiments have shown that although here are individual based differences in response to food stimulus and intake, the same has been observed in animal models as well. The studies relating the two show that some people are able to maintain a healthy posture despite the high intake of fatty foods whereas many other people face obesity and episodic weight gains. This, in turn, shows that some people display less reward for the food that is being used by them and compensate (Gibbs, Mann and Mathers 2015). Here we need to discuss neural adaptation that surfaces due to continued overeating and they can induce perpetual overeating in specie. Intake of toothsome foods affects through endogenous opioids in numerous ways. The agonists of mu-opioid in NAc increase craving for food rich in fat or sugar. On the contrary, opioid antagonists play a role in decreased intake of sugar and palatable meals. Therefore, many people say that they feel compelled to eat sweet items, in the same way an alcoholic feels the craving to drink. These results are being shown through investigation of this sugar model. Food withdrawal also causes imbalance between DA/acetylcholine (ACh) in NAc, in which ACh comes to a dominating position and DA moves towards suppression. This part illustrates the neurochemical changes that occur during the workings of the sugar model selected by us. There is similarity in neural changes that occur during drugs self-administration and overeating or food addiction models. We would try to find out the brain changes, which match the effects of drug abuse, and other over eating models. Food is not considered as a substance of abuse but bingeing and over eating of highly palatable foods can change the viewpoint. This part is actually troublesome because that could lead to serious health issues in the end. Obesity is considered a disease that can be easily controlled and the most essential prerequisite required in that regard is willful attitude and determination to fight the disease. Contrary to this, there is a mindset, which believes the effects of obesity are somewhat similar to drug effects and cannot be brought under control easily by mere self control (Redfern et al. 2000). The medical and social facets are looking into different dimensions of the health issue and making recommendations that could address this epidemic. f) Strategies and interventions to address the urban health issue of obesity Obesity is a serious concern for urban population of Southwark and therefore effective strategies are required to address the issue. It needs to start at individual level and regional as well as State authorities need to chip in by playing their parts. At individual level, parents should take charge of their children. It has been found that breast-fed children are less prone to this deadly disease (Popkin et al. 2012). Therefore, mothers need to adopt this practice and make effective diet plans for their children at an early age. They should avoid giving high-energy foods to their children without arranging for some physical activity for them. Parents should make children eat fresh fruits and vegetables and reduce the intake of sugar. They should not be allowed to sit in front of TV or computer screens for long hours. Similarly adults need to take particular care of their diets and exercise plans. They also need to avoid high-energy stuff and correct their food intake. It is evident that there is no single cause behind the gradual increase in average obesity. Increase in physical inactivity, provisioning of cheap and palatable food has added weight in the balance to increase the obesity figures. As there was no refined and palatable food in old times so, obesity was not encouraged by food intake back then. In our modern society, we are constantly being influenced by different foods through the internet, television, radio, newspapers and many other sources of media. These act as catalysts infusing the craving for food and forcing us to come out of our dormitories and move towards the lavish dines. The other fact is that food is no longer rare in most of the developed societies; it is readily available, diverse, flavorful, cheap, and abundant (McDermott and Potton 2008). Therefore, new research has been able to show that the behavior of over eating is not an issue of will only rather than that it corresponds to neural changes that match with the drug use. It would be surprising to note that the state of an alcoholic person and an obese person is actually the same when they have no control over their drinking or binge eating. This grave condition definitely calls for urgent recommendation. In this regard, an effective and consistent healthcare campaign throughout Southwark is pertinent. The campaign should recruit some of the most renowned doctors working across the country to eliminate such disorders. Moreover, through this campaign the UNO should also come forward to work for this humane cause (McConnell 2011). The first recommendation for the implementation of this healthcare campaign is mass awareness. Until and unless, masses are made aware of the consequences of this deadly disease, it is impossible to prevent further spread of the disease. Through this health campaign, learned men should visit urban areas in order to educate masses about the health issues. In addition, there must be a strict enforcement of law and order. The health organizations should keep a check and balance over the food quality being produced in the area. Those who are involved in malpractices such as producing low quality food should be severely punished. The authorities should play their incumbent role by promoting public welfare (Economos et al. 2014). No doubt, an effective health campaign will mitigate the present challenge to a greater extent. Yet it may have to face a number of challenges in the form of coordination, control and collaboration amongst the authorities within the region. Obesity is not a concern for UK alone as the entire world is facing this issue although the level or extent varies as the lifestyles differ from one country to another, but the basic factors are somewhat constant all around (Tchernof and Desprs 2013). It is all about maintaining the right kind of balance in your life and if there is some kind of deviation from normal pattern the body responds in the form of a disruption like obesity, which creates a negative impression for the effected. The problem with this deadly disease is that it starts very early during childhood and the effected child have to bear with the consequences all his or her life. The children make it worse through their bad food habits, which mainly involve continued intake of junk food. Children should have a guided and supervised food intake routine. Nutritious food should be the norm. The problem with a disease like this is that it develops lot of other diseases as well. In short, it disturbs the whole body by affe cting different processes. We can conclude that for any model of overeating, we need to observe the variance in disposition to its growth process (Silverstone 1981). Binge eating in human society is a global feature because a pattern of compulsive ingestion is being followed here. The food considered is high in sugar content, which entitles it to come under the category of 'highly palatable food' for human beings. The most common types of eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder cause severe changes in eating behaviors of human and as a result cause serious health problems (Marsh 1977). The problems most commonly associated with anorexia nervosa include thinning of bones, drying yellowish skin, constipation, brain damage, multi organ failure and infertility. On the other hand, bulimia nervosa causes imbalance of electrolytes, dehydration, intestinal disorder, sore throat and tooth decay. Binge eating leads to fluctuating blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. It ha s been claimed by researchers that most people with eating disorders have to confront psychological issues as well (Shearn). Some of the most commonly found psychological disorders among patients with eating disorder include anxiety, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. Recommendations and Conclusions Wheel structure and a lineage of physical activity can help strengthen the food intake structure in human beings (Karnik and Kanekar 2015). Physical activity is the main tool to handle and curb all the epidemics that occur due to diet-based disparity, for instance obesity. We can also control obesity by limiting food intake or by minimizing the palatability of the food content that is ingested. The intake of junk food or the food that are rich in fat and sugar contents should be manipulated to cure diet-based obesity (Madden et al. 2005). It is evident that there is no single cause behind the gradual increase in average obesity. Increase in physical inactivity, provisioning of cheap and palatable food has added weight in the balance to increase the obesity figures. Refined or highly palatable food was not a part of the early societal structure and therefore food was not the one factor responsible for obesity back then. It did not cause obesity at that time. Groups that are engaged to develop different activities anomalous to the daily routines of individuals in a community can help incorporate healthy living habits in communities. There should be a realistic schedule and regular weight maintenance goals. These steps can rescue the obese population from morbidities like type 2 atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (Casazza et al. 2013). There should be a program for weight loss supervised by physicians, trainers, therapists, dieticians and instructors. Over consumption of food can cause different changes in the neural system that makes a species dependent on food intake. Therefore, actually, if the rats of the experiment become addicted to some food then it should be considered that neural adaptation has occurred retrospectively. The human beings paint a similar picture. (Maryon-Davis 2005). Obesity does not present insurmountable hurdles in the path of healthy living but yes, it does paint a scary picture. It is better to recognize the threat it presents in todays society to curb the problem at the earliest. With proper surveillance and action-oriented plan, obesity is a problem that can be tackled without much difficulty. Bibliography Bunyan, J., Murrell, E.A. and Shah, P.P., 1976. The induction of obesity in rodents by means of monosodium glutamate. British Journal of Nutrition, 35(01), pp.25-39. Casazza, K., Fontaine, K.R., Astrup, A., Birch, L.L., Brown, A.W., Bohan Brown, M.M., Durant, N., Dutton, G., Foster, E.M., Heymsfield, S.B. and McIver, K., 2013. Myths, presumptions, and facts about obesity.New England Journal of Medicine,368(5), pp.446-454. Council, S., 2005. Southwark Council-Latest Health and social carenews. Councils, L. and Newton, C., 2012. Health priorities for London set by new board. Economos, C.D., Bakun, P.J., Herzog, J.B., Dolan, P.R., Lynskey, V.M., Markow, D., Sharma, S. and Nelson, M.E., 2014. Children's perceptions of weight, obesity, nutrition, physical activity and related health and socio-behavioural factors.Public health nutrition,17(01), pp.170-178. Gibbs, S., Mann, G. and Mathers, N., 2015. Child-to-Child: a practical guide: empowering children as active citizens. World. Holland, W.W., 1972. Health services in London. Br Med J, 2(5807), pp.233-233. Karnik, S. and Kanekar, A., 2015. Childhood obesity: a global public health crisis.Int J Prev Med, 2012. 3 (1), pp.1-7. Kolotourou, M., Radley, D., Chadwick, P., Smith, L., Orfanos, S., Kapetanakis, V., Singhal, A., Cole, T.J. and Sacher, P.M., 2013. Is BMI alone a sufficient outcome to evaluate interventions for child obesity?. Childhood Obesity, 9(4), pp.350-356. Madden, A., Ash, R., Harrex, R. and Radalowicz, J., 2005. Improving School Meals in the London Borough of Southwark. Madden, A., Ash, R., Harrex, R. and Radalowicz, J., 2005. Improving School Meals in the London Borough of Southwark an Evaluation of a Healthy Eating Intervention. Marsh, G.V., 1977. Hospital Adminjstration: The New OrderProblems of Obesity. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 97(2), pp.70-73. Maryon-Davis, A., 2005. Weight management in primary care: how can it be made more effective?. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 64(01), pp.97-103. McConnell, J., 2011. Healthy eating. McDermott, M.R. and Potton, A., 2008. Tackling teenage obesity: literature review and project proposal. Owusu-Dabo, E., Smeeth, L. and Addo, J., Rational and cross-sectional study design of the Research on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants: The RODAM study. Parry, L., Saxena, S. and Christie, D., 2010. Addressing an overweight child and an unaware parent in the general practice consultation. London journal of primary care, 3(1), pp.42-44. Popkin, B.M., Adair, L.S. and Ng, S.W., 2012. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries.Nutrition reviews,70(1), pp.3-21. Redfern, J., McKevitt, C., Dundas, R., Rudd, A.G. and Wolfe, C.D., 2000. Behavioral risk factor prevalence and lifestyle change after stroke a prospective study. Stroke, 31(8), pp.1877-1881. Ridgeway, E., Sugar and Obesity. Shearn, H., Mental Well-being Impact Assessment (MWIA). Silverstone, T., 1981. Medical Complications of Obesity. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 74(2), p.172. Southwark, L.B., 2005. London Grid for Learning-London Borough of Southwark. Tchernof, A. and Desprs, J.P., 2013. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update.Physiological reviews,93(1), pp.359-404.

The Domesticity of Giraffes free essay sample

The complexity of being a women is presented in many ways. The poem, The Domesticity of Giraffes, written by Judith Bridge portrays and engages with the audience in many ways, that the image of women is highlighted through. These ideas are conveyed through techniques and the themes Desperate for Freedom, and losing your sense of identity. The detailed poem explores and illustrates the image of women physically and mentally through the theme Desperate for freedom. This theme outlines in detail how women wanted their own freedom rights and were desperate or it.Judith Bridge reveals these ideas through a wide range of techniques and visual imagery such as being physically disabled, doing nothing but chores and highlighting womens domestic violence. The theme, Desperate for Freedom, is a strong and appealing theme that Judith Bridge portrays women through. Judith first reveals the sight of the theme, Desperate for Freedom when she mentions Bruised-apple eyed in line 5. We will write a custom essay sample on The Domesticity of Giraffes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This eye-catching metaphor reveals a hidden image that leads to the domestic violence of women. Not only does Judith point out the hidden meaning, she also attaches a dull feeling to the metaphor. The dull feeling adds a stronger background feeling and image to the metaphor. The poet later on mentions another metaphor that is illustrated in line 16 when she mentions the words wire-cripple. In this featured metaphor, Women seem to be portrayed as being disabled, but not physically disabled. This gets the persona thinking on why she is described as being mentally disabled. Due to her freedom being taken away from her since she is in an enclosed space, the author decided to portray and describe her as having a disabled image.Towards the end of the poem, Judith mentions a repetitive action when she includes She circles the pen, licks the wire, mimics a gum-chewing audience. on lines 19-20. This course of action gives the reader the thought of repetitive action for example, a women doing the same chores every day throughout the course of the year. This demonstrates and relates back to the theme, Desperate for freedom, because she is wanting to escape and be free from the enclosed space she IS currently in. It leads the persona wanting to feel sadness and hopelessness for her.This is caused by the repetitive action that the poet has included to allow the theme show strong evidence backing up the Desperate for Freedom idea. In wrapping up, Beverages poem links back to Representations of Women through the ideas shown in the visual meaning. The fetching poem also conveys and engages the theme of Losing your sense Of Identity. This theme evidently highlights the isolation involved in this theme, as well as the lack of spirit and sense of belonging through a variety of techniques and visual imagery. The theme, Losing your sense of Identity, is an effective and well stated concept that is sheerer highlighted through women. Judith Bridge first portrays the theme through a metaphor presented on line 8, when she mentions Loneliness of smoke, The metaphor portrays the image of women fading away with a sense of isolation in them. It gives the image of smoke over-taking the image of women, which then conveys the terms, disappearing and drifting. The terms disappearing and drifting are both terms of not belonging and feeling loneliness.The poet later on illustrates more visual imagery through the lines Miles away from anywhere. plotted on line 18. This visual technique portrays the image that she is deeply lost inside of herself which gives the reader the image of her losing her sense of belonging due to isolation. This line sheerer demonstrates the meaning behind feeling isolated. Towards the end of the poem, the Poet then mentions a simile when she includes, Like the neck of a dying bird. This simile conveys the lack of spirit she is feeling inside of her due to her surroundings and how she is deeply feeling inside.Not only does it convey and explain the lack of spirit she is illustrating, but it also conveys the loss of sense of belonging she has inside of herself. It demonstrates her lack Of energy throughout the cycle years of her life. Overall, Beverages poem relates back to the main idea of Women being presented in many ways. In conclusion, Beverages poem, The Domesticity of Giraffes (doe-mess-sis- city), is an appealing and engaging book that connects with the persona through the themes Desperate for Freedom and Losing your sense of identity.

Biography of Alphonse Mucha, Czech Art Nouveau Artist

Biography of Alphonse Mucha, Czech Art Nouveau Artist Alphonse Mucha (July 24, 1860–July 14, 1939) was a Czech illustrator and painter. He is best-remembered for his Art Nouveau posters of plays staged in Paris featuring Sarah Bernhardt, one of the greatest actors of all time. Late in his career, he created the 20 monumental paintings that are known as the Slav Epic depicting the history of Slavic people. Fast Facts: Alphonse Mucha Occupation: ArtistBorn: July 24, 1860 in Ivancice, Austria-HungaryDied: July 14, 1939 in Prague, CzechoslovakiaEducation: Munich Academy of Fine ArtsSelected Works: Sarah Bernhardt theater posters, La Plume magazine covers, The Slav Epic (1910-1928)Notable Quote: Art exists only to communicate a spiritual message. Early Life Born to a working-class family in southern Moravia, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and now part of the Czech Republic, Alphonse Mucha demonstrated a talent for drawing as a young boy. At the time, access to paper was considered a luxury, but a local shop owner who was impressed with Muchas talent provided it for free. In 1878, Alphonse Mucha applied to attend the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague, but he was unsuccessful. In 1880, at age 19, he traveled to Vienna and found work as an apprentice scenery painter in local theaters. Unfortunately, the Ringtheater, one of Muchas companys key clients, burned in 1881, and Mucha found himself jobless. He traveled back to Moravia and met Count Khuen Belasi who became the young artists patron. With funding from Count Khuen, Alphonse Mucha enrolled in the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. Art Student and Parisian Success Mucha moved to Paris in 1888. He enrolled first in the Academie Julian and then in the Academie Colarossi. After meeting many other struggling artists including Czech illustrator Ludek Marold, Alphonse Mucha began working as a magazine illustrator. The magazine work brought in regular income. Alphonse Mucha became friends with the artist Paul Gauguin, and, for a time, they shared a studio. He also grew close to the Swedish playwright August Strindberg. In addition to his magazine illustration work, Mucha began providing pictures for books. Work With Sarah Bernhardt In late 1894, Alphonse Mucha was in the right place at the right time. Sarah Bernhardt, one of the worlds most famous actors, contacted the publishing house Lemercier to create a poster for her latest play Gismonda. Mucha was at the publishing house when the manager Maurice de Brunhoff received the call. Because he was available and said he could complete the work in two weeks, Brunhoff asked Mucha to create a new poster. The result was a more than life-size rendering of Sarah Bernhardt in the lead role in the play. Sarah Bernhardt in La Plume magazine. Buyenlarge / Getty Images The poster caused a sensation on the streets of Paris. Sarah Bernhardt ordered four thousand copies of it, and she signed Alphonse Mucha to a six-year contract. With his work displayed all over Paris, Mucha was suddenly famous. He became the designer of the official posters of each Bernhardt play. Enjoying the sudden increase in income, Mucha moved to a three-bedroom apartment with a large studio. Art Nouveau Success as a poster designer for Sarah Bernhardt brought Alphonse Mucha many other illustration commissions. He created a wide range of advertising posters for products from baby food to bicycles. He also provided cover illustrations for the magazine La Plume, a famous artistic and literary review published in Paris. His style featured women in lavish natural surroundings often swathed in flowers and other organic forms. Alphonse Mucha was a central artist in the emerging Art Nouveau style. Art nouveau advertisement for Waverley Cycles. Corbis Historical / Getty Images The Paris Universal Exposition of 1900 included a massive showcase of Art Nouveau. The work of many French designers in the style appeared, and many of the buildings constructed for the exposition included Art Nouveau design. Alphonse Mucha applied to the Austro-Hungarian government to create murals for the Bosnia and Herzegovina pavilion at the expo. After the government rejected his plan to create paintings depicting the suffering of the Slavic peoples of the area under foreign powers, he created a more upbeat salute to traditions of the Balkan region that included Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to his murals, Muchas work appeared in many other parts of the exposition. He created displays for jeweler Georges Fouquet and perfume maker Houbigant. His drawings were featured in the Austrian pavilion. Pleased with Muchas work, Austro-Hungarian emperor Franz Joseph I knighted him. He also earned the Legion of Honor from the French government. After the exposition, Georges Fouquet hired Mucha to design his new shop in Paris. It opened in 1901 featuring Art Nouveau-inspired decoration. The Slav Epic While continuing his work on illustrations in the first decade of the twentieth century, Alphonse Mucha did not give up on creating murals depicting the suffering of the Slavic people. He traveled to the U.S. in 1904 hoping to find funding for his project. He returned to Paris two months later, but, in 1906, he went back to the U.S. and stayed for three years. During the stay in the U.S., Mucha earned income as an instructor including a stint as a visiting professor at the Art Institute of Chicago. However, he did not find the patronage he needed and returned to Europe in 1909. Fortune shined on Mucha in February 2010. While in Chicago, he met Charles Richard Crane, heir to a fortune from his father who sold plumbing parts. Nearly a year after Mucha returned to Europe, Crane finally agreed to fund the creation of what became known as the Slav Epic. He also agreed to gift the finished pieces to the Prague government upon completion. Panel of Master Jan Hus Preaching at the Bethlehem Chapel (. Hulton Fine Art Collection / Getty Images Mucha worked on the 20 paintings that make up the Slav Epic for 18 years from 1910 through 1928. He worked through World War I and the proclamation of the new Republic of Czechoslovakia. The completed set of paintings was shown once during Muchas lifetime in 1928. They were then rolled up and put into storage. They survived World War II and were placed on public display in 1963. They were moved to the National Gallerys Veletzni Palace in Prague, the Czech Republic in 2012. Personal Life and Legacy Alphonse Mucha married Maria Chytilova in 1906 in Prague just before traveling to the U.S. Their daughter Jaroslava was born in New York in 1909. She also gave birth to a son Jiri in Prague in 1915. Jaroslava worked as an artist, and Jiri worked to promote his fathers art and serve as an authority on Alphonse Muchas biography. In early 1939, the German army arrested and interrogated 78-year-old Alphonse Mucha after they occupied Czechoslovakia. He died of pneumonia on July 14, 1939, less than two months before the start of World War II. He is buried in Prague. Although during his lifetime, Alphonse Mucha fought efforts to tie him directly to Art Nouveau, his images are part of the definition of the style. By the time of his death, he took the greatest pride in his historical paintings. Muchas work was out of style at the time of his death, but it is very popular and well-respected today. Source Husslein-Arco, Agnes. Alphonse Mucha. Prestel, 2014.

Seattle University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seattle University - Essay Example Even though this cannot be taken as the only criteria, it can provide a sound judgment on the character, behavior, creativity and capability of the student. A personal statement, in the words of the student mirrors his/her hopes, aptitudes, desires and ambitions. It will provide a clearer picture of the student's thought process and the university will be in a better position to understand and adjust the subject requirements. Seattle, being a university with a religious angle, has its own agenda and hopes to adjust its goals with student aspirations. Thus the student essay will act as a window to the diverse background, the educational path of the past, hopes of the future, individual preferences of the student. Essays tend to be very personal and will give a clearer picture of the student's chosen path. Course requirements and decisions on units depend on the background material and personal preferences supported by individualistic ambitions. Transcripts and their authenticity are important for all the universities, especially in the case of international students, who are required to provide certified transcripts of reports, marks cards, diplomas in addition to English language (TOEFL, IELTS, CLB etc.) proficiency certificates provided directly by the certifying agency. Financial deposits and bank proofs are additional for international students. In case of sponsored students, the government, through the Embassy has to confirm the sponsorship and additional declaration of finance is necessary if the funding is partial. Almost all the British qualifications are accepted in US universities, with Britain having an unassailable reputation in the field of education. Most of the variations in Indian educational system are accepted. All international students are expected to submit seale d recommendations from their Referees. "Seattle University thoroughly evaluates whether home schooled applicants have the necessary foundation of skills, background, and breadth to be successful students here" http://www.seattleu.edu/home/admission/undergraduate/apply_other.aspn and thus the Home School students are not ignored. Most universities have similar requirements. American University demands completed applications, essay of 500 words, statement of interest, academic records, two letters of recommendations, demonstrated leadership report or community service record, English proficiency, application fee and financial source. In recent years, American universities have become more and more inclusive in their outlook. "Ensure a university environment that is inclusive as well as diverse and that fosters a spirit of community among faculty, staff, and students by increasing the diversity of its faculty

Ultimate axial bearing capacity of jacked pile in layered sand with Dissertation

Ultimate axial bearing capacity of jacked pile in layered sand with using Driven Program 1.0 - Dissertation Example The experiments are performed on three different water tables from dry level, cross-surface level and to the bottom of the 15m depth. Four different depths of steel and concrete piles are used for the experiment which is performed with the help of computing software Driven 1.2 providing all supposed calculation. Different depths of the surface are varying from medium sand to coarse sand with fine gravel. 8 tests were conducted for each of four piles making a series of tests manifesting the behaviors and measures of ultimate axial bearing capacity over the standards. A comparison of results manifests the consequences and derivations of the experiments as well as the supposed notions of the experiments. ... In fact, all the early eras of human faculty in constructions had been depending on pile engineering to provide them with the sufficient strength for lasting long enough. British Architecture and pile-engineering is considered to develop rapidly with the emergence of modern architecture techniques around the beginning of the eighteenth century which is also an era that brought new technologies to most of the Europe. A success of a civil work is always inherited in its performance over the forces of deformations. And the task of a foundation is obviously to provide the strength to the construction structure. Thus, the success of pile engineering resides in a toleration of all possible factors that deform the structure and lead to a failure. Therefore, pile engineering mostly circulates around the idea of toleration. The major mean of the piles is to provide a foundation that can tolerate the weight of the construction, deformation torques, and the supposed climatic and geographical ch anges expected to affect the construction during its life. In our current ongoing proceedings, we are setting up an experiment that will analyze the bearing capacity of two sets of piles. This experiment is performed to analyze particularly the ultimate bearing capacity of the jacked piles, as the jacking method is best usable for our supposed layered sand structure and is also very commonly used in most of the constructions popular today. We have chosen steel and concrete piles to be analyzed during the experiment. As a specimen of the behavior of the piles, this experiment manifests a comparative and analytical result that shows up the

Marketing and Stakeholders in the Food Industry Assignment

Marketing and Stakeholders in the Food Industry - Assignment Example In addition, the work finds out the various aspects of the marketing concept and illustrates how the marketing concept can be useful for the growth and development of an organization. Lastly, the work identifies the various stakeholders of McDonalds and suggests effective ways of communication that will satisfy each group. In general terms, the concept of marketing claims that in order to gain organisational goals, it is necessary to understand the needs and wants of the target market and deliver the required level of satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors. Thus one can say that under marketing concept, it is more important to sell satisfaction than to sell product (Jain, 2006-07, pp. 292-293). According to AMA definition, â€Å"Marketing† is â€Å"the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that will satisfy individual and organisational objectives† (Shah & D’Souza, 2009, p. 8). Marketing concept and other business philosophies An analysis of the marketing concept proves that it does not focus on maximising profit through increased sales volume. Instead, it gains profit through increased satisfaction of customers. Thus, in the marketing concept, customer is the central figure around which all marketing activities take place. In essence, it becomes necessary to identify the target customers, develop an understanding with them, understand their demands, and provide services and goods to their satisfaction. One can summarise the components of marketing as satisfaction of customers, integration of various marketing activities, and good sales volume (Moore, et al. 2006, p. 142). This concept of marketing is different from the concepts of production, product, selling and holistic marketing. The selling concept was in vogue before the introduction of the marketing concept that is, during 1950s and 1960s. In this concept, the co mpany mainly aims to sell a product to the maximum and gives little attention to the precise requirements of the customers (Kuratko, 2008, p. 359). In that case, the company continues selling a product adopting various promotion schemes. In other words, the company focuses mainly on selling methods to attain maximum profit (Ibid). Yet another important concept is product concept. It focuses primarily on the quality of the product. In other words, a company gives maximum attention to the quality of its product on the belief that as far as the product is of high quality, consumers will be attracted to the product. Similarly, companies used to adopt the concept of production until 1950s. It claims that when a product or service is in maximum demand in the marketplace, the company should focus on producing that product or service as much as possible. An important part of marketing is marketing research. It becomes necessary for all companies to research their market in order to set thei r direction initially and to assess their performance thereafter. There are various sources to collect marketing information. Some primary sources are customers, dealers, and salesmen. As customers are the people who use the product, they are the best source of information regarding the quality of the product in terms of price, packaging, availability, design etc. similarly, dealers are capable of offering some useful information regarding the customer response to the products. In addition, they will be able to offer vital information regar

Heinz Business Strategy

Heinz Business Strategy Heinz Company is a marketer and manufacturer of branded foods in the industry of global food. The company is recognized for its ketchup with a comprehensive presence in condiments, tuna, baby foods, soup and ready meals. Heinz is the US-based global food company, with a world-class portfolio of powerful brands holding no-1 and no-2 market positions in more than 50 countries. The Heinz brand has an estimated value of $20 billion with Heinzs top-15 power brands accounting for two-thirds of annual sales.The company has no-1 or no-2 brands in 200 countries around the world, showcased by Heinz Ketchup. Other brands in the companys portfolio include Classico pasta sauce, Ore-Ida frozen potato products, Heinz weight watchers, Plasmon baby food, and John West tuna. Heinz also uses the famous names Weight Watchers, Boston Market, T.G.I. Fridays, Jack Daniels, and Linda McCartney under license. Due to potential loss in manufacturers brand equity, large public food manufacturers face the greate st threat from the expansion of private retailer brands and the increased power of the retail sector. The H.J. Heinz Company has a long tradition in the US market of being a number one brand, retaining a dominant position in the US and the world market. Ketchup is a case in point. However, as with many large food manufacturers, the growing share of private labels is creating a challenge . In response, rather than relying solely on its long held brand image, Heinz has made a strategic decision to invest heavily in differentiating itself further from private label offerings by improving the quality of its product to attract more quality-conscious consumers, Heinz might easily be viewed as a company with a dominate product-orientation based on its Chairmans statement I am convinced that quality and innovation are the way forward for Heinz. Traill and Grunert (1997) 2-PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Much of the innovation has been focus on what is considered core products where it has strong existing competencies and expertise. New product development constitutes an vital part of Heinzs growth strategy. Product introductions are focus on meeting consumers demand for convenience, health, improved taste, and lifestyle changes. The company has made attractive consumer products by offering packaging innovations and the promotion of the health benefits of its existing products. The health dimension is critical factor in its product differentiation strategy for Heinz.There are no of examples of recent product innovations. The company introduced a new range of soups, offering nutritious contents with alternative ingredients with less salt, sugar, and fat particles. Various specialty soups were introduced in the UK, such as Spicy Butternut Squash and Mediterranean Tomato and Bacon. Other examples are the first microwaveable French fries tasting like restaurant fries. This product is a s trong complement to its ketchup. The most successful package innovation in the US was the Heinz Easy Squeeze ketchup designed in an upside down ketchup bottle for faster and less messy dispensing. This packaging was successfully launched in 19 European countries as well as in the US and the Canadian food service. In recent years, the company has also made substantial packaging innovations in other food products with a conversion from traditional cans to more convenient solutions in single-serve microwavable packaging. Traill and Grunert (1997) 3-PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Heinz created four imperatives to gain better performance, drive profitable growth, remove the clutter, squeeze out costs, and measure and recognized performance. By removing the clutter, Heinz seeks to remove inefficiencies and reduce complexities of product portfolio and supply chain. The company execute a major restructuring initiative named Streamline aimed at reducing overhead costs. Heinz has also made a series of divestitures in an effort to refocus its business more closely on its core products. The company is focusing on its top 15 power brands, which account for 60 percent of total sales. The squeeze out the cost initiative has mainly concentrate on promotional expenditure as new systems have been execute to better track promotional spending. Through a new global procurement initiative led from World headquarters in Pittsburgh, Heinz is aiming to cut costs in both direct and indirect sourcing activities. Traill and Grunert (1997) MARKETING STRATEGY OF HEINZ COMPANY The company launch its first national foodservice advertising campaign, using the slogan Insist on Heinz. The objective of this advertisement is to attract consumers to insist on Heinz Ketchup, when it is not available in fast food restaurants or other food service establishments. Furthermore, to take full advantage of its strong position in the foodservice market, the company has created Group 57, a culinary expert team that supplies customers with new ideas and support. Heinz invests in consumer education by promoting the health benefits of lycopene in tomatoes. Heinzs advertising expenses have also increased in recent years, mainly due to the launching of a new product, Ore-Ida extra crispy fries in the US. In response to increasing competition, especially from private labels, Heinz introduced a every day low pricing initiative across many product groups. The aim of this initiative is to fight off competition by creating a positive value impression among consumers. Traill and Grun ert (1997) CORPORATE STRATEGY OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP 1-USING RD AND INTERNATIONAL VENTURES The Fonterra Cooperative Group was formed by the merger of New Zealand Dairy Group, Kiwi Co-operative Dairies and the New Zealand Dairy Board in late 2001. It is owned by its nearly 12,000 dairy farming shareholders. Fonterra has sales of $2.15 billion and is organized in three divisions; New Zealand Milk Products (NZMP), New Zealand Milk, and Fonterra Enterprises. NZMP is the worlds largest dairy ingredients company which focuses on separating milk to its various components and then marketing these components. New Zealand Milk is the business unit manufacturing dairy based consumer and branded food products, while Fonterra Enterprises comprises an innovative venture and growth businesses supporting Fonterras core business activities. Since the merger there have been a number of acquisitions. Fonterra has a 50 percent stake in Australian dairy producer, Bonlac Foods Ltd, and has undertaken the formal merger of both companies consumer products operations in Australia and New Zealand. Other acquisitions and strategic alliances include joint ventures with Nestlà © through Dairy Partners Americas in South and Central America, Dairy Farmers of America with DairiConcepts in the US, Britannia Industries Ltd in India, and Arla Foods in the UK. A handicap of traditional cooperatives is their orientation toward producers and lack of consumer awareness. However, this is changing as cooperatives discover more suitable market-oriented strategies and increasingly operate in global markets. Although capital constraints have been a primary barrier to internationalization, risk aversion is one of the most important factors discouraging the extent of internationalization (Buccola  et al., 2001). The Fonterra Cooperative Group has successfully internationalized, breaking away from most models of traditional cooperatives. Its two distinct businesses structure, specialty ingredients and consumer milk products provides a hedge against fluctuating international dairy prices. Fonterra is a supplier of both consumer product and dairy ingredients. The consumer business, New Zealand Milk, was renamed in 2005 becoming Fonterra Brands. The name change was made to better reflect the companys core brand business. Fonterra is now pursuing a strategy called Winning Through Brands where the Fonterra name and product brand will appear on packaging as an endorsement and its worldwide reputation as a leader in dairy. Fonterra uses its expertise in dairy technology for creating value from milk as both ingredients and consumer dairy products. It is a leader in several country markets for branded consumer products such as milk, cheese, powder milk, butter and yogurt. Fonterra is ranked as the sixth largest dairy company in the world with more than two-thirds of its sales in dairy ingredients, and accounts for more than a third of international trade in dairy (Rabobank International, 2008;  Fonterra, 2007). In addition, Fonterra supplements its New Zealand product s with milk supplies from foreign affiliates to assure a stable supply of products for its customers. 2- FONTERRA PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterra views milk with sophistication, seeking to lead the race to develop its nutritional potential by meeting the needs of an increasingly health-conscious world. Science and biology underpins the dairy industry both in on-farm production and in dairy product manufacturing. Biotechnology is the technology that allows Fonterra to modify biological systems, either using natural means or more advanced tools.To develop specialized products, Fonterra uses a health and nutrition team that focus on the unique health benefits of milk-derived bioactives. This team targets specific areas in response to global consumer health concerns namely: immune health, gastrointestinal health, infant nutrition, dermatology, sports health, therapeutics, bone health and animal health. Fonterras concentration on the development of new products to drive growth is evident in both the consumer products and the ingredient business. It established new research and development facilities in 2004 to expand its p otential of new products. Fonterra also established a number of joint research projects with pioneering German vitamin producer BASF. This agreement includes developing dairy-based products for the health ingredients market, and a collaboration to develop customized, instantly-vended convenience foods for a variety of dietary needs, which will be marketed as or point-of-sale individualized foods. 3-FONTERRA PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterras management states that operational excellence has to be embedded in our culture[3]. An important part of Fonterras global business operations is procurement of raw milk and gaining access to product markets. Fresh milk products, by their perishable and bulky nature, cannot be economically transported across long distances. Furthermore, high trade barriers on dairy products restrain global product movements. Fonterra established several strategic alliances and partners to increase efficiency and flexibility in its global supply chain. Fonterra and Dairy Farmers of America (DFA), the largest milk-collecting cooperative in the US, formed a joint venture company called DairiConcepts which combines DFAs manufacturing sites with Fonterras technological expertise and innovations. DairiConcepts both strengthened Fonterras position in the US market and offered the cooperative the ability to better exploit its new opportunities.In addition to improving efficiencies in its South Ameri can operations, Fonterra established a joint venture with Nestlà © to form Dairy Partners Americas. Comprising over 13 plants in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Americas, with more than two thirds of them ex-Nestlà © staff, Dairy Partners Americas has been successfully implemented in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela (Datamonitor, 2008). These and other partnerships provide alternative sources of raw milk for its ingredients business, enable optimization of Fonterras production plan and inventory levels, and ultimately facilitate meeting customer demand in all regional markets MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP Fonterra focuses on conveying the message that it has high quality products stemming from research and development activity, which use healthy, natural and ecologically responsible products that are consistent with Fonterras rural roots. The company takes a science-based approach to developing and promoting these products by employing scientific results found in research studies and commissioning research papers and clinical studies to support its claims. In 2004, a report was published illustrating the positive benefit of feeding fortified milk powders to children. Fonterra aims to establish the image of its products in the minds of young consumers, viewing them as potential life-long consumers. For example, its website for children, (www.milkzone.com), offers interactive games, fun information, contests and links to other milk-related sites. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CRITICALLY ANALYSE According to SLACK,N.CHAMBERS,S.JOHNSTON,R.2007 it refers to the listening to customers, indentifying what they want and striving to meet their requirement get it right first time-every time, with zero defects. Peter Drucker writes that The purpose of business lies outside itself-that is creating and satisfying customer. The decision process is central, and structure has to follow strategy and management has to be management by objectives and self control. The search for the genuine keys to success in TQM implementation has become a matter of deep concern to management of companies in the world. Organizational lack of information and data on the critical factors is an obstacle to implementing TQM effectively. So, research studies on the critical factors of TQM implementation are needed. In other words, more data are required so that industries can avoid and prevent the same problems from occurring (companies which adopted TQM ended up failing or dropping the system initiative before it could really take hold), (Lau and Idris, 2001).  Idris and Zairi (2006)  also stated that there is a need for more empirical research to clarify how the TQM evolutionary path is related to critical success conditions within an economic sector, industry, and era. With more empirical proof, an approach to a sustainable quality strategy could be established. More research in the form of a longitudinal approach is also needed since a snapshot d esign alone would not be sufficient to capture success conditions holistically (Idris and Zairi, 2006). However, the success of the TQM research depends on the development of valid and reliable measures which replicate actual TQM practices companies adopt in the real world. Not only should the measurement be consistent within a certain study, but also across many studies (Jitpaiboon and Rao, 2007)   TQM can be studied from three different approaches, contributions from quality leaders, formal evaluation models and empirical research.  Deming (1982,  1986). The use of statistical techniques for quality control, and proposed his 14 principles to improve quality in organizations, based on the following idea- leadership an improvement philosophy, the right production from the beginning, training for managers and employees, internal communication aimed at the elimination of obstacles for cooperation and the suppression of quantitative objectives.  Juran (1986)  pointed out the importance of both technical and managerial aspects, and identified the three basic functions of the quality management process: planning, organization and control, as the stages for quality improvement; he indicated that the aim of the management is to reduce the cost of mistakes, reaching a point where the total costs of quality are minimal improvement.  Crosby (197 9)  defined 14 steps for quality improvement, including top and intermediate management commitment, quality measurement, evaluation of quality costs, corrective action, training, a zero-defect philosophy, objective setting and employee recognition. The research by all these authors shows both strengths and weaknesses, for none of them offers the solutions to all the problems encountered by firms (Dale, 1999), although some common issues can be observed, such as management leadership, training, employees participation, process management, planning and quality measures for continuous improvement. These ideas have exerted an influence upon later studies, in such a way that the literature on TQM has progressively developed from these initial contributions, identifying various elements for effective quality management. Taking the initial research as a basis, the critical factors of TQM found in the literature vary from one author to another, although there is a common core, formed by the following requirements (Claver  et al., 2003),customer focus, leadership, quality planning, management based on facts, continuous improvement, human resource management (involvement of all members, training, work teams and communication systems), learning, process management, cooperation with suppliers and organizational awareness and concern for the social and environmental context. Alongside these factors, identified both in theoretical and empirical studies, there are standardized quality models used by firms in practice as a guide for their implementation, or in order to carry out self-evaluations of their quality practices. The main models are the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model in the USA, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model in Europe and the Deming Application Prize model in Japan. The USA model lists in seven categories the main concepts and values in quality management: leadership, strategic planning, human resources orientation, process management, information and analysis, customer and market focus and business results. The EFQM model consists of the following principles: leadership, employee management, policy and strategy, alliances and resources, process management, people results, customer results, society results and key results (EFQM, 2000). The Japanese model is grouped into ten chapters, which are in turn divided, as in the two previous models, into a number of subcriteria, in the following way- policies, organization, information, standardization, development and usage of human resources, activities ensuring quality, activities for maintenance and control, activities for improvement, results and future plans. These principles, in general, summarize the aspects defined in the literature. Thus, issues related to the participation of employees, staff, work teams and communication, amongst others, may be included within the factor of human resource management. EVALUATE THE MIX OF CONCEPT Impact of supply chain management The maximization of firm value is an accepted goal of all publicly held firms. Value however is not a term well understood by all managers. In his book  The Power of Now, the CEO of Tibco Software, Vivek  Ranadive (1999)  explains that many business executives confuse value with profit. Ranadive makes the distinction by saying profit is a consequence of creating value. Ranadive emphasizes that creating customer value is one of the few existing differentiators that can create competitive advantage while the other classic differentiators outlined by Michael Porter and others cost leadership, quality, focus and speed have themselves become commodities. They are simply the price of market entry (Ranadive, 1999). Thus, firms must seek other avenues to build value for their customers. Many firms have turned to supply chain management (SCM) to give them a competitive advantage in the twenty-first century. A supply chain includes all the activities, functions and facilities involved (either directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end-user (Russell and Taylor, 2000, p. 373;  Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 2). SCM aims to integrate the various structures and processes of the supply chain, facilitating and coordinating the flow of goods and services and the flow of information necessary to provide the value that customers demand. The need for such coordination grows out of several trends in the marketplace. Globalization has led to the availability of a vast set of alternative sources of materials and other inputs as well as a wider array of potential customers. Customers changing expectations regarding value of goods and services, combined with advances in technology and the availability of information, have driven the formation of new forms of inter-organizational relationships (Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 5 ). Such factors have stimulated changes in the nature of organizations supply chains and have led to an emphasis on coordination and integration of supply chain activities.

Pat Barkers Regeneration Essay -- Pat Barker Regeneration Essays

Pat Barker's Regeneration As Pat Barker’s ‘Regeneration’ is set in a mental hospital during World War I many aspects of the novel evaluate and discuss the psychological effects that the War has had on the patients. The novel explores the internal struggles of WWI soldiers and their attempts to overcome the trauma of war experiences. In ‘Strange Meeting’ a different approach to the war is addressed with much of the novel being set in the trenches and at the front line. The novel closely examines the relationship between two soldiers Barton and Hilliard and the extent of change caused by the war is a prominent theme throughout, showing clearly the emotional and physical changes the war has caused. Prior is an initially difficult patient who suffers from mutism, writing that he has ‘NO MORE WORDS’ when asked what he could remember from his time served in France. Barker’s use of block capital letters and short, blunt statements here leads us to at first believe that Prior is not only an uncooperative patient hindering a possible speedy recovery but also inwardly angry and agitated. Although Prior gives the staff at Craiglockhart a hard time, describing the night staff as ‘spies’, and with this sarcastic dismissive attitude is perhaps at first perceived as though he doesn’t want to get better we soon realise that he is simply a difficult character who actually really wants to recover and as fast as possible, ‘it isn’t fair to say I don’t want treatment’. He is one of the many soldiers from WWI who is torn between two desires. On the one hand, he wants to recover, enabling him to return to France as soon as possible, proving himself as a soldier as well as a man. However, he still has a selfish side th... ...Prior share a lot in common both having experiencing trench life and struggling with the brutal truths of war. They both create relationships with people throughout the novels and through Barton and Hilliard’s relationship and the relationships Prior shares with Sarah and Rivers we learn a lot about their characters and the difficulties soldiers experienced in talking about their experiences as there were so many people that ‘didn’t understand’. We see that although the physical scars can be healed quickly it is the emotional scars that do the most injury and ironically are the hardest to heal. Barker and Hill both portray this message about the war using a fragmented discontinuous style, which reflects the disjointed thought process of many of the soldiers. From both novels we are shown just how innocent those back at home are and how they really don’t.