How Far Libraries in Primary Schools Assist in the Education System Essay Example for Free

How Far Libraries in Primary Schools Assist in the Education System Essay Training everywhere throughout the world has developed into a progressively perplexing arrangement of showing strategies, territories of figuring out how to be educated, educational plan, devices to be utilized in the method of guidance picked, language to be utilized in the guidance, and some more. As schools react to these requirements, an equal program to update the conditions of the schools’ libraries is likewise fundamental. Studies have demonstrated that there is an immediate connection between library projects and levels of execution among kids in the grade schools. In this way, the support in seeking after vital designs to all the more likely prepare the libraries in elementary schools is developing. Libraries have sorted out into a strong relationship as they look for the help of the legislature as far as enactment as well as more so on satisfactory financing to restore the libraries of grade schools. An elementary school library fills in as the media community for understudies, workforce, staff, and guardians that fill every one of their needs and interests. For an understudy, the school library is where he gets data comparative with homeroom assignments and ventures. It could likewise be the hotspot for a student’s enthusiasm for youngsters books, cartoon books, comic books, experience books which he for the most part imparts to his companions and cohorts. For the workforce and staff, the elementary school library is the wellspring of pertinent materials, for example, stories, sonnets, tunes, and organized exercises which serve to improve the showing strategy and enhance instructing modules. For guardians, the grade school library fills in as a boost discussion with the end goal for them to find their children’s assignments and works. A decent grade school library is where kids are instructed how to cherish perusing. There is center around the upgrade of perusing propensities among youngsters. Some early rewards framework might be set up to develop the understanding propensity. There ought to be a hugeness of inspiration in advancing understudy perusing. In the mean time, instructors and guardians are trained on the best way to help the child’s figuring out how to cherish perusing. Rules in improving perusing advancement programs are set up. (Johnson, J. Making fat children who don’t like to peruse. Sept/Oct 1999, Vol. 18 Issue 2 p96). Writing REVIEW The accessibility of materials in this topic isn't expansive. Be that as it may, examines led here demonstrated pretty much indistinguishable outcomes. These discoveries just fortify the proposition of this work. A large portion of the materials that can be utilized in research concentrates on grade school libraries are on raising support exercises so as to develop the quantity of books in the elementary school libraries. Just a bunch could be perused on the concentration and assessment of elementary school libraries. In a narrative by Pat Miller, he talked about on how administrators can pull in youngsters to the library where enthusiasm from among these kids appears to have blurred. The observation among youngsters that the library is the home of old-fashioned and exhausting books ought to be dis-manhandled and re-adjusted to the fundamental truth and convention that kids needs to build up the propensity for perusing to prepare them for a superior future. Additionally, she recommends custodians to make library a child agreeable by submitting general direction to their electronic livesproviding library games, empowering understudy talk, educating with video and sound, and making the books applicable and individual. In addition, she prescribes curators to provide food all learning styles and to consider factors like sexual orientation bid in finding a way to upgrade the understudies enthusiasm for library (Miller, Pat. Is your library kid-accommodating? Library Media Connection. Worthington, Mar 2008. Vol 26, Issue 6 pg22). In Jesuit schools like the Ateneo de Manila University, the elementary school library fills in as the asset community for educators as they mesh stories into the regular exercises planned for working at complete arrangement of the kid. This is related to the school’s methodology of advancing a class instructor plan of bestowing information. The independent homeroom creates understudies through incorporation of topics utilizing understanding aptitudes and qualities as the string. Storybook weaving approach is simply the key in accomplishing a contained study hall technique. In this unique situation, the grade school library gives different and broad assortment of storybooks for both the instructors and the understudies. The reason for a school library as indicated by The School Library Association (January 2006) is to give a wide scope of media assets to help instructing and learning all through the key stages, advertisement cultivate a perusing and data culture that advances free propelled perusers and students forever. One of the fundamental destinations of a grade school library is to develop enthusiasm for perusing among youngsters with the finish of building up the propensity for perusing among them as they develop into all around educated grown-ups. Creating energy for learning through perusing is the focal point of library work (Dubber, Geoff. Developing Curiosity: data proficiency abilities and the grade school library. Januray 2008). The utilization of a prizes framework in making enthusiasm for perusing among youngsters might be a decent motivating force toward the start. Yet, weaning kids from getting compensations for their perusing propensity ought to be done at a previous stage. The eagerness to be in the library to peruse books ought to be out of a propensity and individual intrigue developed in the kid through prior mediation programs. This refreshed and changed Guideline, assessing the 2007 Government proficiency showing targets, clarifies the significance of inserting data education into an entire school, ICT and educational program setting. It traces and clarifies the procedures of exploration for small kids and shows ways that educators and administrators can create and advance data proficiency and related ICT abilities through the grade school library and connection it to homeroom practice. It likewise incorporates a valuable and down to earth contextual investigation, a few formats, and an understanding rundown. (Dubber, 2008). Utilizing information from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), an example of in excess of 20,000 kids who began kindergarten in fall 1998, specialists found that numerous kids don't encounter key components in their schools that boost their learning results: * 30 percent of all kids go to grade schools that don't have solid head administration * Just over portion of all youngsters are in schools where their instructors get together consistently to design sequenced and composed guidance. * 15 percent of kids are in schools where educator turnover is an issue (Peckham, Suzanne. â€Å"Specific School Traits connected to Elementary Achievement Scores. † The Education Digest. Blemish 2008. Vol 73 Issue 7 pg 76). In different pieces of the world, similar to China, student focused instructing is as an approach to sustain dynamic students who can develop and take care of issues. Instructor training programs are starting to embrace student focused strategies too. In the U. S. , student focused methodologies, which underline educating for importance, have been advanced for quite a while. Essential instructors presently get three years of preparing, and the possible objective is for all educators to have at any rate four years of preparing. Customarily, Chinese instructor training has focused on topic. In the most recent decade, be that as it may, there have been calls for growing proficient readiness by building up nearer connects among schools and colleges, by having imminent instructors study instructive hypothesis and apply their aptitudes through work on instructing, and by having instructor educator’s model compelling instructional method. In the mean time, U. S. strategy producers have been advancing shorter, elective courses to instructing, remembering for the-work preparing (Preus, Betty. â€Å"Educational Trends in China and the United States: Proverbial Pendulum or Potential for Balance. † Bloomington: Oct 2007. Vol. 89 Issue 2; pg115). The library division should step up and make and execute straightforward exercises that pull in kids to their school library. These exercises should point back to old fashioned books like writing and build up an association of the exercises, phrases, spirit of these books to the current occasions. This would make an impression in the brains of youngsters why these books are as yet perused up right up 'til the present time. (Weisburg, Hilda and Ruth Toor. â€Å"Brush Up your Shakespeare. † School Librarian’s Workshop. Berkeley Heights: Spring 2008. Vol 28 Issue 5; pg 16). The elementary school library fills in as the spark of enthusiasm for kids while it is a server farm for grown-ups like educators and guardians. The previous realizes mindfulness and intrigue while the last strengthens needs to overcome any barrier among youngsters and grown-ups. The intrigue that is created in a youngster ought to be consistently fortified by an unqualified help from the guardians, educators, and other critical others. Backing from guardians might be through an award of some extra an ideal opportunity for the kid to appreciate the library. The physical set-up of a grade school library is a deciding variable in accomplishing the objective of making interest and energy among kids to the extent that their need to visit the library is concerned. Library configuration assumes a significant job in the acknowledgment of an essential school’s objective of developing the propensity for learning through perusing among elementary younger students. The substantial and the immaterial objectives of a grade school library go connected at the hip. (Dewe, Michael. Thoughts and Designs: Creating the Environment for the Primary School Library. October 2007). It is fundamental that the legislature or other non-administrative substances offer help to the activity by giving assets for the recovery of open libraries. The administration units may likewise have an equal program wherein to perceive and acknowledge kids who read books an

Hospitals and Medicine in the American Civil War 1861-1865 Research Paper

Emergency clinics and Medicine in the American Civil War 1861-1865 - Research Paper Example Numerous ladies elected to become medical attendants during the common war, which meant that their solidarity to think about the men who were out battling. In the military emergency clinics, the obligations of the medical caretakers were normally household. They arranged and served dinners, ensuring that they obliged each patient’s diet. The specialists were the determinants whether a patient was to get a low, half or full eating routine. Medical caretakers needed to keep up track of each patient’s feast. What's more, medical attendants should flexibly materials and dress to the troopers. The medical caretakers partook in medical procedures by offering enthusiastic help to the officers during the medical procedure process. They took an interest in talking, composing and perusing for the fighters so as to give them enthusiastic help. In many clinics, the medical attendants were sisters, who originated from various strict requests. Common war medical attendants used to we ar dim hues, normally dark or earthy colored shading, which was a necessity by the administration. The dresses were intended to serve the capacity and were not implied for style. During the common war, the medical clinics were under staffed. Doctors had an assortment of drugs at their range to treat harmed and wiped out troopers. A portion of the prescriptions that they utilized are utilized even today. Numerous prescriptions were compelling yet unrefined; others had a misleading impact in particular. Sedatives were ordinarily utilized during the common war and for the most part in removals. ... The emergency clinics didn't have all around prepared specialists since during that period; there were no clinical schools to prepare the specialists. The couple of specialists who had obtained clinical information were not satisfactorily prepared to perform a large portion of the necessary execution for treatment. In the emergency clinics, there were no anti-infection agents on the grounds that, at that point, clinical innovation had not created. Specialists depended for the most part on natural medication in endorsing medicines. The specialists didn't sanitize or clean injuries during prescription. The emergency clinics were principally not housed, and the vast majority of the medicines and administrations were given outside. The medical attendants, who worked with the specialists, were likewise undeveloped and were mostly sisters purporting various religions. The vast majority of the medical caretakers worked under volunteer boat. Specialists treated patients on the ground without agonizing over the grimy condition or the earth. A great many people created diseases after medical procedure, and this condition was alluded as careful fever. Emergency clinic frameworks, which give medical clinic care to the patients, had not been created. X-beams, blood composing and present day wellbeing tests and methodology didn't exist. Prior to the common war, there were no military emergency clinics. At the point when the common war broke, it was esteemed important to have medical clinics where troopers and different patients got medications. During the time, numerous structures and establishments were changed over in to clinics. A portion of the significant emergency clinics during the time were Campbell Hospital, Armory Square Hospital, Harewood Hospital and Reynolds Barracks Hospital. These emergency clinics got numerous patients in spite of, the issues that they confronted. Medical procedure was the commonest treatment for wounds, in spite of the low possibility for en durance. Prior to the common war, the quantity of specialists who had ever performed

Film Review For Rushmore Film Studies Essay

Film Review For Rushmore Film Studies Essay Wes Andersons Rushmore is an engaging and dexterous film. It has that quality that lets you know there is something exceptionally extraordinary about this film, as opposed to it being simply one more high schooler film that we see each day. The virtuoso of this film, and the genuine purpose behind Rushmores innovation, is that it figures out how to engage us even without us having to really getting it totally. The film is about Max Fischer (Jason Schwartzman), a multi year-old understudy who goes to Rushmore and has all the aspiration on the planet however no focus. He is an individual from each club in school yet he is flopping the greater part of his classes separated from dramatization. He wants to put on expand creations of great movies. Max misleads everybody by disclosing to them that his dad (Seymour Cassel) is a cerebrum specialist however in actuality, he is a stylist. Max is just overwhelmed by Mr. Blumes (Bill Murray) discourse at Rushmore and presents himself. Mr. Blume chooses to coach Max out of pity and forlornness. Not long after they become companions, the two of them experience passionate feelings for a lovely new first-grade instructor at Rushmore named Rosemary Cross (Olivia Williams). Their kinship rapidly goes to a war as they attempt to prevail upon her. Max won't accept that his age has anything to do with Miss Cross declining to adore him. This prompts huge results as Mr. Blumes family life deteriorates and Max loses his closest companion. There are numerous gadgets that Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson use in Rushmore to propel the comprehension of the film. To begin with, occurrences of scholarly gadgets utilized are portrayal and plot. They work admirably in ensuring that each and every character in the film becomes through the span of the film. Additionally, it is unimaginably intriguing to see that each character in the film has a Rushmore. subsequently, every character has something that they need in the film and at last needs and by the end, every single one of them gets it. For instance, Blumes Rushmore was Miss Cross. Max is humiliation that he goes to Rushmore with a grant and that his dad is a stylist as spreads it by telling everybody that his dad is a neurosurgeon. These two characters are performed incredibly by the two on-screen characters, which truly cause us to fathom them. The plot of the film was genuinely astonishing and unique. The core of the film, for me, was the manner by which enchanting or eccent ric Max is as well as how Maxs interests are powered the same amount of by pity as by narrow-mindedness. At the point when he discloses to Miss Cross that Harvard is his wellbeing school on the off chance that he doesn't get into Oxford, this isn't just to intrigue her however this is actually the exclusive expectation he holds himself to. This is because of his mom who kicked the bucket of malignant growth, since she was the person who urged him to compose plays and helped him get into Rushmore,. We can value this film from the earliest starting point from Maxs arranged skirmish of interruption from veritable torment. We track with in the film as the hues are cleaned out when Max is ousted from Rushmore, and we don't see them return until the end when Mr. Blume gets a hair style. Everything gets darker and more blunt in the film after Max is removed from Rushmore. Wes Anderson has worked superbly with the plot. It resembles nothing we find in theaters today. It has something other than what's expected and unique about it that truly makes the story intriguing and amusing. The setting is in every case one of a kind and captivating. The principle two places that the film happens in is Rushmore and Grover Cleveland High School. There are enormous contrasts between these two schools and it is obviously appeared during the film. At Grover Cleveland High School, we see the rusted sign that holds tight a steel fence, which shows the conditions inside where understudies are exposed to look for weapons and medications. The school is for all intents and purposes a jail. Contrasted with at Rushmore, we can see the unmistakable distinction between the two schools. Rushmore has an ideal sign that is held tight an iron fence with an incredibly thought about scene. The two differentiating settings unmistakably show what Max has lost when he was removed from Rushmore. An issue that I saw in the congruity of the film was at a specific second, Max utilizes a stepping stool to go into Miss Cross house and he leaves without going down the steps, by leaving the front entryway. This to me was a serious mix-up that ought to have been fixed. It didnt take anything from the film, however it was something that I took note. Moreover, I truly preferred how there was a course of events in the film, indicating arrangements and portrayals. The movement by months and how it was presented with film drapes, related back to Max wanting to coordinate plays and was an extraordinary expansion to this astounding film. The film shows the crowd the story not tell it to us. Rushmore is Maxs life; he just can't live without it. He has devoted loads of time and vitality in that school since he appreciates it. The crowd gets the opportunity to see and experience Maxs preposterous perspective on the world from the earliest starting point when we see him long for finishing a troublesome math issue in class. Anderson and Wilson chose to pass on Maxs silly perspective on the world outwardly. The watcher can promptly relate to Max to see where his character is coming from in light of the fact that he is really appeared by how Max sees the world. Another occurrence is when Max is put on scholarly probation and necessities to improve his imprints or he will be ousted from Rushmore. The chief clarifies that Max has an excessive number of extracurricular exercises and insufficient considering. Anderson and Wilson splendidly show the watcher all of Maxs extracurricular exercises rather than just having the chief state them. In the event that the chief would have quite recently recorded the exercises, they wouldnt have genuinely gets a handle on Maxs job and commitment to Rushmore however by demonstrating the crowd each action, we can comprehend the measure of dedication he has for this school. Maxs truly cares and adores Rushmore. This film has an astonishing content. Anderson and Wilson accepted each open door to show us outwardly the story. Thus, each and every line of exchange in this film has a reason, which makes the film fresh and never drag. At long last, the watcher is left with an astounding story that is magnificently made through visuals and composing. The discourse in the film is extremely monotone, with the exception of during supper. I discovered it very characteristic and ordinary. It appears as when Max addresses his companions, he talks over his friends with a feeling of prevalence in his voice. Furthermore, when Maxs addresses his dad, it is extremely peaceful and embarras sed. The exchange changes when he converses with Ms. Cross and particularly when it turns out to be very ungainly which shows that he enjoys her. Just to quickly specify lightning, it was a lot more brilliant at Rushmore and inside it. It was bright and upbeat inside the school since it speaks to that he truly cherishes it at Rushmore. In contrast with outside where it is somewhat darker indicating how he is troubled. Last, some true to life gadgets utilized are music, sound and camera edge. The music in this film is vital. Extraordinary compared to other piece of music in the film is the part when Maxs is feeling his first dismissal from Miss Cross and the tune I Am Waiting by the Rolling Stones plays. Max is encountering his first agony and this tune could be speaking to Max and how he is holding on to turn into the individual he should be. There is additionally the part when Murrays face changes into one that shows his longing for genuine retaliation against Max. This is the point at which the tune A Quick One While Hes Away by The Who plays. This music goes splendidly with the scene and needing retribution. There are numerous sounds that are put and utilized in the ideal occasions. At the point when Max shows Ms. Cross the book, there is a moving ballet dancer box kind of sound on. The sounds are frequently of ringers and charms demonstrating the blameless, youthful and adolescent of this film . Likewise, it appears to turn out to be peaceful and very quiet during clumsy minutes in the film. For instance, during numerous discussions with Ms. Cross, for example, the one in the library or times in her homeroom. The music and sound are extremely blameless, lively and to some degree gooey and cumbersome to fit in with the story. It goes very well with this transitioning film. The camera point doesn't appear to change that much in the film. Anderson utilizes anamorphic wide-point focal points and there is practically nothing yet wide-edge focal points in the film. A large portion of it is wide-edge focal points to have the option to show his(Maxs) world/school and not have it be a straight even line. I found that it was a piece over the edge and that it was at certain focuses irritating in light of the overstated wide-point focal points. It felt like I was expelled from the character at specific focuses. Wes Andersons story shows the significance of having the option to do things yourself. With Maxs wild and strange creative mind, we can see Max being a terrible part like Wes Anderson as a child. This film was plainly made dependent on close to home encounters, which is appeared all through the film since he was inside the leader of the character the whole film. It is highly unlikely for somebody to have the option to think about this without encountering this direct. This film really attempts to obscures the line among adolescence and adulthood. With the goal for Max to grow up, he needs to initially acknowledge that his dad isn't a cerebrum specialist, he can't have a sentimental relationship with a lady far more established than him and he will always be unable to come back to Rushmore. Maxs development all through the film is appeared in changed manners. He starts by halting the war between Mr. Blume and himself and really begins to get him out as opposed to obliterate him. He li kewise begins to compose accounts of his own, rather than basing them from renowned movies. The film shows that there probably won't be a line among children and grown-ups and that occasionally the children are more experienced than the grown-ups are, as we state with the activities of Mr. Blume. Eventually, Rushmore is an uncommon and wacky film yet at the same time an engaging and strange film. It discusses numerous significant subjects and is act

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Satirical Essay Samples Drug Abuse

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Satirical Essay Samples Drug Abuse Folks who possess lots of money have more things than others that have a moderate volume. There's always someone, who need to have a big amount of money on selling medications, and there are always people ready to purchase them. To start with, it essential to comprehend that selling of drugs is a lucrative organization. Actually, you can make up any topic you want by yourself, as long because there is unlimited amount of those. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. While attempting to learn how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another important activity. High school students need to compose essays on a number of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. There are lots of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Lies You've Been Told About Satirical Essay Samples Drug Abuse Drug addiction is something societies throughout the world rarely tolerate. Adoption is an alternate solution. Your facts ought to be truthful. At precisely the same time, several studies show that marijuanain its healthcare formcan be beneficial for patients experiencing serious diseases, such as cancer. Look through the list of topics with care and start making a mental collection of the evidence it's possible to use on topics you want. Include the ideal evidence. There's several essays completed by them. The issue with opioid painkillers is they can result in addiction, and although they are very helpful in alleviating pain, there's been cases of death due to overdose. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. While there is absolutely no one correct approach to compose these essays, this page will show you some decent practices to think about when learning how to compose a persuasive essay. If you would like to learn how to compose a fantastic persuasive essay, you're looking in the proper place! Just take a look at the subsequent persuasive essay. Sample persuasive essays can also give inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. Writing is a rather strong tool. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. Write superior essays with an internet class. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. Of all Of the kinds of essay, writing a brief essay may appear to be the easiest. Just stick to the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a great persuasive essay. Writing a persuasive essay can be hard because you're not simply presenting the research materials that you've gathered but you're trying to influence your readers. All essays will have a certain topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. Scholarship providers would never tell you exactly what they are searching for in an essay. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. What You Need to Do About Satirical Essay Samples Drug Abuse Before It's Too Late Your introductory paragraph ought to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. As you already see from the above mentioned persuasive essay samples, these varieties of papers can be quite different. Buy essays from us and you could always rest assured of high-quality paper that may assure you quality grade. Today, there are various on-line sites which provide sample papers.

Does Il Est Probable Que Need the Subjunctive

The French phrase Il est probable que / Cest probable que means its probable or its likely, and it may require the subjunctive, depending on whether it is used affirmatively, negatively or interrogatively. When used affirmatively, it does not require the subjunctive. Examples Il est probable / Cest probable quil le fait.Its probable that hell do it. But when using il est probable / cest probable que to express doubt or uncertainty, it calls for the subjunctive. Il nest pas probable / Ce nest pas probable quil le fasse.Its not probable that hell do it. Est-il probable / Est-ce probable quil le fasse ?Is it probable that hell do it?

Military Academic Skills Program - 5250 Words

PRIVATE-PRIVATE FIRST CLASS SKILL TRAINING (Schools, courses and assignments directly related to an MOS) REQUIRED SKILL TRAINING Course Title Course Location CID ACE ID Basic Landing Support Specialist Course Camp Johnson, NC M031317 MC-2204-0069 RECOMMENDED SKILL TRAINING Military Academic Skills Program (MASP). This program allows Marines to develop and improve their basic reading and math skills. In turn, Marines will be better prepared to retake the Armed Forces Classification Test (AFCT) and perform their mission. Go to: http://www.usmc-mccs.org/perssvc/Life_Learn/prgms_masp_online.asp. RECOMMENDED BILLET ASSIGNMENTS Landing Support†¦show more content†¦RECOMMENDED GENERAL MILITARY DISTANCE LEARNING COURSES The following MCI courses are recommended for all ranks: MCI 0055 - Hazardous Material/ Hazardous Waste Marine MCI 0112C - Counseling for Marines MCI 0118K - Spelling MCI 3420/25A/26A - Personal Financial Management MCI 0131H - Correspondence Procedures MCI 0210B/14A/15A - Terrorism Awareness for Marines MCI 028B - Introduction to Combat Intelligence MCI 0324G - Operations Against Guerrilla Units MCI 0354B - Desert Operations MCI 1334H - Math for Marines MCI 0861 - Basic Forward Observation Procedures MCI 3316E - Basic Nutrition MCI 2525A - Communications Security MCI 0119H - Punctuation MCI 0416A - The Marine Corps Publication and Directives System These MCI courses are recommended for specific ranks but any MOS: Pvt through LCpl: MCI 2538A - Single Channel Ground Airborne Radio System (AN/PRC-119) Pvt through Sgt: MCI 0370B - The Marine Rifleman: Combat Skills Pvt through SSgt: MCI 2526B - Introduction to Electronic Warfare Lance Corporal through Sergeant: MCI 001A - The Principles of Instruction for the Marine NCO COLLEGE COURSES AND DEGREES (See pages 9-11) . 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Fashion of the Elizabethan Era free essay sample

This is shown in men’s and women’s clothes, shoes, hats, and accessories in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (Whitmore, Deanne) In the 1500’s men’s clothing was generally black in color because it went with everything and was the â€Å"in† color. Silk doublets and velvet mantles with slashed and puffed sleeves were what your average man would wear up top. For pants, tights were still in style but breeches were beginning to become popular. The royalty and upper class would generally wear the same style of clothing as the middle class but with nicer material. The lower class people would wear whatever they could find. Men’s shoes also changed during this time. (Head over Heels 1500s) Men’s shoes in the Elizabethan era went from being heavy and bulky to being light and dainty. For example, the heelless eschapin came into style. These shoes were almost the same as women’s shoes, but excluding the heel. They were usually made of fine leather and covered with ribbons and ornaments. The lower class would not usually wear shoes because each pair had to be handmade and were often very expensive. Much like the shoes, men’s hats in the 1500’s were very radical compared to those of the previous centuries. Head over Heels 1500s) During the early sixteenth century, men’s hats were flat, silk or velvet slabs sitting on top of the head, but by the middle of the century they revolutionized into massive hats that looked like crowns on top of people’s heads. Hats were tall and decorated with feathers and multicolored. Extra accessories were also quite popular to wear during the time period. (England Fashion during the Elizabethan Age) The accessories men wore in the 1500’s were generally a jerkin and ruffles worn over a doublet. Jerkins are usually made of thick leather for extra protection. The next ornament men would wear is the ruff. The ruff is a collar that sticks out eight inches and is stiff from starch. It made the men that wore them look like dogs with cones on. Women wore these too, but they didn’t wear them long because they didn’t quite catch on with women. They showed too much of their necks. Women’s fashions were very conservative, only allowing the showing of their face and hands. (Lad, Kashmira) Women in the early Elizabethan era usually wore a kirtle with a fitted bodice and underskirts. The kirtle is an overdress that is fitted at the top, and then opens up at the bottom. It has a slit in the front, starting just below the fitted part, showing the underskirts underneath. Underneath the fitted part they would wear a corset to make them look skinner. The skirts they wore under them were called petticoats. Petticoats are extra skirts that give the wearer a more hourglass figure. For richer people, the farthingale was in fashion, an underskirt that was very tight in the torso and came into a hoop at the waist. Women would wear huge gowns over these with what looked like wings sticking out their backs built into the gown. They would wear very dainty shoes with these as well. Lad, Kashmira) Shoes for women in the 16th century were very similar to mens. They were often made of fine leather or, if the lady was wealthy, then silk velvet or brocade. They had lots of embellishments on them, especially slashing and puffing, because that was the theme of the time, but sometimes ribbons and other decorations were added to them as well. A certain overshoe was also v ery popular during the time, the chopine. The chopine was worn over a dainty shoe to give the woman height with its platform sole. It prevented the good shoe from getting dirty. They were eventually banned in some places because women could fall while walking in them. Women’s hats in the 1500’s were, however, very different than mens. (Head over heels 1500s) The hats women wore in the era were very diverse. They would sometimes just be wraps, but other times, they would be huge things sitting atop the head. One of the smaller head ornaments they would wear was the curved French hood. It looked like a hood that was falling off of the back of someone’s head. Another smaller head covering was the gable hood. It was pentagon shaped, heavily starched scarf worn on top of a woman’s head. They would sometimes use wire framing inside the scarf which was very decorative. One of the biggest hats women wore in the 16th century was the horned head dress. This was a truly fantastic invention. It had two extensions, one to each side of the head, extending out to each shoulder. Draping off the extensions was some sort of sheer material usually decorated with jewels. For women accessories weren’t very prominent in the beginning of the century because Britain was still a member of the Catholic Church, which banned jewelry, but when the country broke away from the church and the ban was lifted. Towards the end of the century, women began to wear the occasional strand of pearls or a small necklace with gems in it. Approaching the 17th century, the jewelry ladies would wear became more and more extravagant. (Lad, Kashmira) When the 17th century arrived, the enlightenment was in full swing. This caused new mens fashions to come into style. Petticoat breeches were the new thing for men in the 1600s. They were breeches that puffed out at the waistline, making the man wearing them look like his belly was where his midsection was supposed to be. Underneath this garment they would wear â€Å"flattering and fanciful hose to accentuate their shapely legs†. This type of outfit was generally associated with rich people of the time. Long cloaks were very fashionable during the era as well. They were usually worn with a usual shirt during the time, breeches for pants, and a crucifix and chain to tie it all together. Mens shoes of the 1600s were also very different from the previous century. (Head over Heels 1600s) Shoes men wore in the late Elizabethan era were usually pumps with rounded toes that came up to the ankle. They usually had a small leather heel and were often decorated with slashes and puffs. Boots also became popular because of a royal’s obsession with them. Another royal, King Louis XIV loved to wear high heels with red soles and red heels became trendy after Louis XIV of France favored the style. The style was not so popular in France, because there was tension building up against the king, but it migrated into other countries, like Britain and became fashionable. Men’s hats in the 1600s were the only things that became less radical. (Christmon, Charlene) Men started to wear hats that were smaller again in the 17th century. They did add plumes to the side of them to make them look prettier. They would also sometimes put feathers of ostriches or other rare birds on the side of them as well to show off their wealth. The materials they used for hats were felt, wire, the plume or feather, and another usually more expensive cloth. The hat maker would make a wire frame for the hat, then glue felt around it, next he would cover the outside in the expensive cloth. After that he would sew the hat band, and finally he would attach the plume. He would fit each hat he made to the person who it was for. Like hats, men’s accessories did change in the in the 1600s. (England Fashion during the Elizabethan Age) The changes in male accessories in the 17th century began with the collar or ruff. The ruff was cast out, and was replaced with a new sort of collar. It is just a longer version of today’s collar, the same length as the ruff, but it doesn’t have the starch and wire supports. Men also began to carry short perfumed gloves around during the time period, just in case there was a need for them along the way. Women’s fashion also undergoes some massive changes during the late Elizabethan era. (Head over Heels 1600s) Women’s dresses start to be made out of lighter material so they are heavily embroidered to make them appear richer. The backs and sleeves of gowns become fitted instead of being puffed and slashed. The necklines on them also became a little bit lower and rich women have lace around them. In women’s underclothes, the girdle was introduced, and the farthingale was still fashionable. There was a new invention in collars, the partlet. The partlet is a collar that scrunches up and is fitted all the way up the neck, it looks very uncomfortable. Women’s shoes went from looking a lot like men’s to a look of their own in the 1600s. Christmon, Charlene) Women’s shoes of the 17th century were embroidered in silk, satin, and velvet. They were also trimmed with lace that fell in a huge flounce over the shoe. The slippers and overshoes of the 1600s developed into heels that would generally measure around six inches. The heel would be made of either wood or leath er and would be painted to match the costume. Chopines were still in style too during that period of time as well. Women’s hats and headgear also changed in the century. (Head over Heels 1600s) In the seventeenth century, cap coverings usually replaced hats in most of Europe and in the newly discovered Americas. One type of cap was the coif, a close fitting cap that covered the top, back, and sides of the head. Earlier ones were usually made of white linen and tied underneath the chin. As the century went by, more and more women had them decorated with embroidery and lace edgings. Another type of cap was the wrapped head linen. This type of wrap was exclusively for lower classes. It was a turban-like arrangement of linen on top of their heads. The lower class didn’t have money to waste on hats, so they just took old linens and wrapped them on their heads in a certain fashion. The Mary Stuart cap, originating from Scotland, became popular during the 1600s as well. It was very similar to a coif but it came to a point at the top of the forehead. In accessories, women also began wearing much more jewelry during the time. (McGann, Kass) In the Elizabethan era, social classes were much upheld. The social classes influenced the fashion of the time. There were even laws made about what people were allowed to wear, for example only royalty could wear ermine for a little while early in the era. If these laws weren’t followed, then severe punishment could be enforced. No upper class person wanted to be caught wearing the same style outfit of a middle class person; therefore, styles were constantly changing. When the middle class figured out a way to copy the fashion of the upper class in a cheaper version, the upper class would just change the fashion. In the Elizabethan era, by observing a persons dress, it was evident from which social class they came. Fashion played a huge role in shaping this era in time.

Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments

Naturally, groups take a considerable time to develop. It is often quite difficult to specify the period when and where a group may emerge. Thus, group formation relies on size, structural features as well as frequency of interaction. For example, one of the most notable approach and analysis of groups is Tuckman and Jensen model regarding group development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The model offers four critical stages of group development namely: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Each of these stages plays a central role in regard to group formation. In essence, two core streams of research as well as theory exist in regard to group development. The principal stream touches on group dynamics while the subsequent stream explores the group problem solving mechanism. However, Tuckman and Jensen have harmonized these tw o streams to a synchronized model of group development. Their approach can be said to have established the scope of group development as a unitary sequence. Hence, it has become the standard of examining group development today. According to the article Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited co-authored by Tuckman and Jensen, it is apparent that other features of group development explored by scholars revolves around a four point tier; orientation, production, dissatisfaction and termination. These four aspects considerably differ from what Tuckman and Jensen offers as the core pillars of group development. Countless reviews on the subject indicate that Tuckman and Jensen models provide a critical understanding of group development. This can be allied to the fact that no group can progress from bottom to the top. They all follow a similar progression model as identified by Tuckman. Though, different scholars have over the time argued against this model, neither iterative approa ch nor linear orders have been proved to be the definite route employed in the course of group development. However, despite the growing dispute in regard to the apposite group development model, Tuckman and Jensen continue to be the most cited researchers on the subject. It is on such an approach that Tuckmans classic has become the core standard of identifying the underlying aspects of group development.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way Tuckman and Jensen explores and explains the stages encountered in the process of team development offers a critical insight into group model. It is apparent that their argument is etched on simple truth that a group development is a sequential-stage theory. Hence, the massive usage of this observation in attaining positive responses is evident in all major studies ever carried. Though, what Tuckman and Jensen propose is not supporte d by total elucidation of how groups evolves or change over the time but the model remains relevant and useful. The model as is presented offers a solid starting point for undertaking other extreme studies on matters pertaining to team or group development. Looking at the tenets of arguments posed by Tuckman and Jensen, so far no theory whether based on empirical or quantitative approach has disapproved the four aspects identified as the core paths of group development. From managerial approach to parental observation, Tuckman and Jensen model stands as the most viable model that supports favorably linear progression (Tuckman 1965). Hence, on a similar approach the model equally shows that some groups have the tendency to progress through one stage than the others. In regard to other propositions suggested by other scholars it is evident that the addition of such scope as adjourning stage is becoming irrelevant. This is being allied to the manner diverse group’s progresses di fferently through the identified stages. Also on a similar approach Gersick has noted in his article Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development that groups are fundamental managerial tools (1988). Translating each organization employs groups or teams to handle both simple and complex issues. Thus, the model explained by Tuckman and Jensen provides significant aspects of group development. This is illustrated in the manner they have tackled the dynamics revolving within group development mechanism. Unlike traditional models which provide no substantial light on the group development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tuckman and Jensen can be said to have critically explained the dynamics of group formation in regard to unique effective mechanisms which triggers the said developments. Thus, according to t he given argument this established the apposite ground for the model to progress. Tuckman and Jensen model is equally echoed by Hill and Lineback in their article A Good Boss Or a Great One? The authors observe that in group or organization development is propelled by individual growth. Thus exploring the model presented we find that individual management, team management and network management are crucial in regard to group progression (Hill, et al 2011). On both academic and civil scope the model stipulated by Tuckman and Jensen has proved to be both applicable in almost all circumstances. As proved by diverse scholars who have undertaken to examine this model. The scope surrounding the arguments rests with broad scope of understanding the concept and dynamics surrounding group development. The progression of group development rests with the manner the given teams approaches the four models highlighted by Tuckman and Jensen model. However, though the model has since its inception been embraced in all fronts it is not everyone, some social psychologists have come out strongly opposing it. This development can be correlated to the similar treatment any given stage-theory or equally lifespan model faces. The core weakness of the model is cited to be its general approach of generalization. It ought to be noted that in essence no group or team is ever static or straightforward. As is typical with human procedures, any given group has the tendency to move away from the conventional dynamisms allied to stage theories. More so, what the said model doesn’t address is the fact that in some instances the different developing groups may overlap in the course of zeroing in the identified stages. Also the stages identified are not either orderly or linear and this raises a critical question whether the model is useful or valid in regard to group development. In addition the models labels have been misused where they don’t deserve by trainers as well as facil itators. However, the model can be said to be adequately useful and essential for exploring the nature and development of small groups.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All in all, the entire model has demonstrated that groups need cohesion in order to move profoundly among the stages identified. Though, a number of dissimilar challenges may arise but Tuckman and Jensen have shown that group development is a gradual procedure that is set and defined by natural time frames. More so, individual involvement makes group development to be more profound. Thus, the various stages the group undergoes are not in nature simultaneous but gradual as is testified by Tuckman and Jensen model. References Gersick, Connie J. G.(1988) Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. Academy of Management journal, 31(1), pp.9-41 Hill, A Linda Lineback, Kent (2011)A Good Boss Or a Great One? Harvard Business Review Tuckman, W Bruce (1965) Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological  Bulletin, 63(6),pp.385. Tuckman, W Bruce Jensen, M Ann (1986)Stages of Small-Group Development  Revisited.ABI/INFORM Global. This essay on Tuckman and Jensens model of Team Developments was written and submitted by user Jovani S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Corythosaurus - Facts and Figures

Corythosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Corythosaurus (Greek for Corinthian-helmet lizard); pronounced core-ITH-oh-SORE-usHabitat: Forests and plains of North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and five tonsDiet: PlantsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large, bony crest on head; ground-hugging, quadrupedal posture About Corythosaurus As you can guess from its name, the most distinctive feature of the hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) Corythosaurus was the prominent crest on its head, which looked a bit like the helmet worn by the ancient Greek soldiers of the city-state of Corinth. Unlike the case with distantly related bone-headed dinosaurs like Pachycephalosaurus, however, this crest probably evolved less to establish dominance in the herd, or the right to mate with females by head-butting other male dinosaurs, but rather for display and communication purposes. Corythosaurus wasnt native to Greece, but to the plains and woodlands of late Cretaceous North America, about 75 million years ago. In a spectacular bit of applied paleontology, researchers have created three-dimensional models of Corythosaurus hollow head crest and discovered that these structures create booming sounds when funneled with blasts of air. Its clear that this large, gentle dinosaur used its crest to signal (extremely loudly) to others of its kindthough we may never know whether these sounds were meant to broadcast sexual availability, keep the herd in check during migrations, or warn about the presence of hungry predators like Gorgosaurus. Most likely, communication was also the function of the even more ornate head crests of related hadrosaurs like Parasaurolophus and Charonosaurus. The type fossils of many dinosaurs (most notably the north African meat-eater Spinosaurus) were destroyed during World War II by Allied bombing raids on Germany; Corythosaurus is unique in that two of its fossils went belly-up during World War I. In 1916, an England-bound ship carrying various fossil remains excavated from Canadas Dinosaur Provincial Park was sunk by a German raider; to date, no one has attempted to salvage the wreckage.

CASE NOTE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE NOTE - Essay Example I learned that Leadership styles in different culture varies in midst of cultures because it is based on values that are different. Most people have leadership in other cultures have given a promise to people that have allowed them to be leaders. Guthrie points out attributes that should be in habit to ensure that an individual becomes a successful leader. Leadership is stemmed for experience or the desire to succeed beyond others. In sports, leadership is fuelled by motivation to be the best, make peers proud, and have the gratification to be the best. Leaderships is undeniably stemmed from an inner motivation to excel and lead a group of individuals to a collaborative success. One of the main conclusions I derived from this case study is the fact that good leadership comes from empowerment, in which Dashman clearly lacks. Motivating employees is one of the major concerns of any organizations who seeks to be a dominant force in that industry. Employee morale and motivation plays a crucial role in the success of the organization. Employees became impulsive as disrupted organizational culture plagued the morality of the employees. My solution would to be embed best practices and to embed a solution that would change the logistics of the organization. In any organization, operation process management is one of the most crucial elements for organizations as they progress to 21st century. Dashman never got any notices sent to executives, which created a huge issue. The organization should focus on demand planning, forecasting, and inventory management. It is clear that organizations conducts forecasts estimate customer demand for a particular product during a time span forecasts are compared to inventory levels to ensure that distribution centers have enough products to sell but not overcrowd its inventory. So how does the organization dominate this strategy? One of the most premier things it does is create a dashboard that accommodates the needs

Journal Of Course Readings Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal Of Course Readings - Coursework Example Nevertheless its study is still of great importance in order to grasp the dynamics of the cognitive capacities of a human being. P.D. REYNOLDS A theory no matter how abstract it may be presented is still bound by reality, it can be a result of experiments, observations, or simply the product of insights on how something works or how it comes into existence. But ultimately these theories start with a simple idea. DAVID HUME To further delve into the concept of what actually is an idea and what gives birth to it, there is a need to understand its origins. In or daily existence we perceive a lot of things, which are consciously or unconsciously stored in our memory. Different perceptions stored in our minds in the form of memory or imagination mimic the sensations, perceived by the body’s five senses, in so far as representing the perception based on its characteristics. (e.g. how a body shivers whenever feeling cold) But can never fully copy the force of the actual perception fe lt by the body (Hume, 2008, p.7). Hence we often come across phrases such as â€Å"we can almost taste† what a certain food actually tastes like. Otherwise if no such limitation is placed, an individual would be able to transcend the need for physical contact or worse madness may set in. Feeling an emotion is different from thinking how that same emotion felt like. Thus it is worth noting that, of all the thoughts that an individual posses about different subjects that he or she had encountered, it is the vaguest of these thoughts that make a person’s ideas. If an individual does not have a clear perception in mind about a certain subject all the information pertaining to that subject will simply be impressions of the individual. Such impressions can be correct or incorrect, or based on the individuals innate nature or referenced from another impression. Thus we can also come across a phrase like, â€Å"I was under the impression† that this was how it was suppos ed to be done. KARL POPPER Due to an individual’s orientation and or nature one can develop ideas into theories, scientific or non scientific in nature, and through the criticism that these theories yields more objective knowledge as it opens the door to more questions and possibilities for its own improvement or paves the way for it to be debunked. Nonetheless the process of criticizing a theory rather than holding on to its proposed validity ensures that it is cleared of any biases, and false claims thus promoting objectivity even more. T. KUHN Furthermore if a theory can be criticized then it is not farfetched that a deviation from a long standing train of thought brought about by a theory is possible. A paradigm shift, or an event of deviation from a widely known belief founded to incur several anomalies. Hence, a shift is needed, once an established theory is proven to be unprecedented and sufficiently open-ended. Much like in conducting an experiment, in order to prove its validity, repetitive experiments are done to gain acceptance in the research community. There are different kinds of paradigm which can explain parts and parcel of different events. Such weakness prevents them to gain notable success. Paradigm shift is a radical idea in expounding and establishing new concepts that contributes to contemporary beliefs and making them more sophisticated and comprehensive theories.

A Peoples History Essay Example for Free

A Peoples History Essay ZINN QUESTIONS – A People’s History of the United States by Howard Zinn Chapter 1 – Columbus, the Indians and Human Progress http://www.historyisaweapon.com/zinnapeopleshistory.html 1. According to Zinn, what is his main purpose for writing A People’s History of the United States? 2. What is Zinn’s thesis for pages 1-11? 3. According to Zinn, how is Columbus portrayed in traditional history books? 4. Why does Zinn dispute Henry Kissinger’s statement: History is the memory of states? 5. What is Zinn’s basic criticism of historian Samuel Eliot Morison’s book, Christopher Columbus, Mariner? 6. What major issues does Bartolome de las Casas bring up regarding Spanish expeditions in the Caribbean? 7. Identify one early and one subsequent motive that drove Columbus to oppress indigenous peoples. 8. What was the ultimate fate of the Arawak Indians? 9. What was the significance of Quetzalcoatl? 10. Compare the strategies and motives underlying the conquest of the Aztecs by Cortez and the conquest of the Incas by Pizzaro. 11. What were the major causes of war between the Powhatans and the English settlers? 12. Discuss the significance of Powhatan’s statement, Why will you take by force what you may have quietly by love? 13. Explain Governor John Winthrop’s legal and biblical justification for seizing Indian land. 14. Explain the main tactic of warfare used by the English against the Indians. 15. According to Roger Williams, how did the English usually justify their attacks on the Indians? 16. What ultimately happened to the estimated 10 million Indians living in North America at the time of Columbus’ arrival? 17. Evaluate the statement: If there are sacrifices to be made for human progress, is it not essential to hold to the principle that those to be sacrificed must make the decision themselves? 18. How does Zinn attempt to prove that the Indians were not inferior? Provide examples.

Radio B92: Unbiased Civil War Coverage by Serbia’s Own :: Free Essays Online

Radio B92: Unbiased Civil War Coverage by Serbia’s Own Fair and impartial reporting of the Balkan wars in the 1990s was a difficult and lone venture. Almost all of the international media had their own biases due to their countries’ part in the war (through NATO or their proximity to the conflict), their acceptance of parts of Serbian government propaganda, or simply their overly exaggerated partialities against the Serbians because of a common belief that all Serbians were entirely responsible for the war. It is also widely accepted that Bosnia and Serbia’s media, if not influenced or controlled by the government and Milosevic, struggled greatly to remain independent – if that. So, throughout the conflict in the 1990's, Radio B92 was the only independent audio news source. It served as the principal alternative to the government controlled media, especially for the former Yugoslavia, but also to the biased international press. According to Jasminka Udovicki and James Ridgeway, the editors of a book about the fall of Yugoslavia titled Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia: It took almost a century, from the emergence of the South Slavic unification movement in the early nineteenth century to the end of World War I, to create Yugoslavia. It took only a few years to destroy it [. . .] Visions of national liberation and modernization brought the South Slavs [. . .] together at last in 1919. Seventy years later, a retrograde, mythical, antimodern vision tore them apart (11). The fall of Yugoslavia was brought about by brutal military force, but the energy needed to utterly dismantle the country was supplied by the political ethno-kitsch (1). An idea emerging here, one expressed by many, is that Yugoslavia may have been alright, or at least far better off and not torn apart if it were not for Milosevic’s means of gaining political power. While these factions did have their differences, they had coexisted for thousands of years before WWI and Tito, the former leader, was able to keep them together. This idea of â€Å"ethno-kitsch† began around 1987, and involved a sort of new taste for an almost vulgar fascination with Serbian nationalism. According to Udovicki and Ridgweway, it, â€Å"was everywhere in Serbia.† At the root of this â€Å"ethno-kitsch† in the late 1980s was a progressively growing perception that Serbian people had been wronged and were hated – completely undeservedly – by other ethnic groups in Yugoslavia.

Life of Pi Pre-Read Socratic Seminar

Pi reflects on religion constantly, but he does mention that he always goes back to his Hindu customs and rituals that he grew up with. Do you believe that religious or people with strong belief systems growing up always have that religion as their bases for many decisions in their life? Does that religious belief ever change? I feel as though the religion will always be the base for decisions. Even if the person may stray away from that religion, the foundation that was put into their mind by that religion will stay. I know that for me, I grew up in a Christian environment.I went to all the Sunday school classes, VBS activities, volunteered at church, but I remember soon getting very agitated with the very people who I knew to be Christian. My family were leaders within the Christian community: pastors, musicians, teachers, wives of pastors, so it didn’t quite make sense that I saw them in acts of betrayal, dishonesty, and anger toward one another. Despite my becoming Atheist at that point in my life, I couldn’t relinquish the morals that I had grown up with: unconditional love for others, forgiveness, non-violence and conservation of the body and mind.I may not have sensed God’s presence then and there, but the religion was still there. In all instances of my life, I still find myself trying my best to follow the morals I grew up with no matter what I come to believe. I see that today in society it is important to raise our children in a well-mannered household. If a parent wants them to grow up well, they must teach them first the morals they want their family to uphold. But they must also place a certain amount of importance on it and let the child understand that it IS important and MUST be followed or it won’t stick with them.I don’t think that the religion or morals change, however meld themselves to fit the new beliefs of the person. If they believe so strongly toward something, they WILL keep it and honor it. Pi state s that the compulsion to make life more livable by inventing a better story is natural instinct both to mankind and animals alike. Is this so of society today? Do we still have the need to conform? How much of a â€Å"better story† can one make before it becomes too unrealistic? Psychologically it is a need to make ourselves look and feel good. It is a way for us to maintain an image of ourselves.It’s a way we attract our mates and a good self-esteem booster. Confidence and consistency is key in this world for us to achieve our desires. We want to be agreeable, make a social situation run smoothly, and avoid disagreement and discord at all costs, yet we do that with the price of breaking the intimacy and trust that holds a bond together. I believe that in order for humanity to survive it needs to face the facts and deal with the blows as they come. Then and only then will true strength of an individual and that individual’s relationship will come forth.I feel th at if humanity continues to lie to themselves, things will not get done. Global Warming for example is considered a myth by many because we don’t want to accept the reality that it will cause our Earth great harm; that it will cause US great harm. The same with the re-invention of stories to make a person more appealing. We don’t think they will cause harm, but they do. We break down trust and make in the end lose our loved ones and ourselves in the process. I believe ir is at this point we begin to question who we actually are and what we can truly achieve.However, I do also feel that as humanity grows deeper into crisis we need a way to escape from the harsh reality of the world. I think that as long as we are in our confines of our own mind, we can keep altering ourselves for betterment. In Pi’s case he seems to want to escape the past and pass the burden of his story to another person. When Orange Juice fights the hyena, the almost human-like nature of the o rangutan disappears and she becomes violent. Pi realizes that personality that one shows does not always beat natural instinct.Name examples where this is true or provide evidence of where it doesn’t. Can personality triumph over instinct? Personality is a big part of how we shape ourselves. The similarities and differences are shown through how we react to the diversity in the world and how we create or destroy relationships with one another. When a person feels threatened by something, or similarly with an animal, they will react almost instinctively in order to protect their being. If a person feels threatened they will yell, kick, and go bat-shit crazy. So will an animal.There is a fine line between instinct and personality. Over the years we have learned to overcome it, but in times of stress it comes out no matter how hard a person or animal has trained to keep it within. It’s like in the Jungle Book: â€Å"You can take the boy out of the jungle, but you canâ₠¬â„¢t take the jungle out of the boy. † The instinct is our body’s natural way of protecting ourselves. I do feel though that over time and through much work a person and an animal can overcome their fears and obstacles to becomes a less threatening being. So yes, personality will triumph both in my heart and in Pi’s.I think that Pi saw this fine line of personality vs instinct and knew full well how even though society has become more modern, there are still things in this world that offset the balance: natural disasters, politics, and religion. That is why I think Pi puts so much stress on the detail that to him religions were based off love and compassion toward everyone and everything. He is confused with how people react like animals when it comes to their beliefs. Simply put, they are threatened. Scared that the balance will now be leaning more towards one side and that another will gain the power and become the â€Å"Alpha† being.

Oracle Bones Predicting the Future in Shang, China

Oracle bones are a type of artifact found in archaeological sites in several parts of the world, but they are best known as a significant characteristic of the Shang dynasty [1600-1050 BC] in China. Oracle bones were used to practice a specific form of divination, fortune-telling, known as pyro-osteomancy. Osteomancy is when shamans (religious specialists) divine the future from the pattern of the natural bumps, cracks, and discolorations in animal bone and turtle shell. Osteomancy is known from prehistoric east and northeast Asia and from North American and Eurasian ethnographic reports. Making an Oracle Bone The subset of osteomancy called pyro-osteomancy is the practice of exposing animal bone and turtle shell to heat  and interpreting the resulting cracks. Pyro-osteomancy is conducted primarily with animal shoulder blades, including deer, sheep, cattle, and pigs, as well as turtle plastrons--the plastron or undercarriage of a turtle being flatter than its upper shell called the carapace. These modified objects are called oracle bones, and they have been found in many domestic, royal and ritual contexts within Shang Dynasty archeological sites. The production of oracle bones is not specific to China, although the largest number recovered to date are from Shang Dynasty period sites. Rituals describing the process of creating oracle bones were recorded in Mongolian divination manuals dated to the early 20th century. According to these records, the seer cut a turtle plastron into a pentagonal shape and then used a knife to incise certain Chinese characters into the bone, depending on the seekers questions. A twig of burning wood was repeatedly inserted into the grooves of the characters until a loud cracking noise was heard, and a radiating pattern of cracks produced. The cracks would be filled with India ink to make them easier for the shaman to read for important information about the future or current events. The History of Chinese Osteomancy Oracle bones in China are much older than the Shang Dynasty. The earliest to date related use are unburned tortoise shells incised with signs, recovered from 24 graves at the early Neolithic [6600-6200 cal BC] Jiahu site in Henan province. These shells are incised with signs which have some similarity to later Chinese characters (see Li et al. 2003). A Late Neolithic sheep or small deer scapula from inner Mongolia may be the earliest divination object recovered yet. The scapula has numerous intentional burn marks on its blade and is dated indirectly from carbonized birchbark in a contemporaneous feature to 3321 calendar years BC (cal BC). Several other isolated finds in Ganzu province also date to the late Neolithic, but the practice did not become widespread until the beginning of the Longshan dynasty in the latter half of the third millennium BC. The patterned carving and scorching of pyro-osteomancy began somewhat haphazardly during the early Bronze Age Longshan period, accompanying a significant increase in political complexity. Evidence for early Bronze Age Erlitou (1900-1500 BC) use of osteomancy is also present in the archaeological record, but like Longshan, also relatively unelaborated. Shang Dynasty Oracle Bones The shift from generalized use to elaborate  ritual took place over hundreds of years  and was not instantaneous over the entire Shang society. Osteomancy rituals using oracle bones became most elaborate during the end of the Shang era (1250-1046 BC). Shang Dynasty oracle bones include complete inscriptions, and their preservation is key to understanding the growth and development of the written form of the Chinese language. At the same time, oracle bones came to be associated with an expanded number of rituals. By Period IIb at Anyang, five main annual rituals and many other supplemental rituals were conducted accompanied by oracle bones. Most significantly, as the practice became more elaborate, access to the rituals and the knowledge derived from the rituals became restricted to the royal court. Osteomancy continued to a lesser degree after the Shang Dynasty ended and up into the Tang era (A.D. 618-907). See Flad 2008 for detailed information about the growth and change of divinatory practices with oracle bones in China. Practice-Engraved Divination Records Divination workshops are known at Anyang in the late Shang (1300-1050 BC) period. There, practice-engraved divination records have been found in abundance. The workshops have been characterized as schools, where student scribes used the same writing tools and surfaces (i.e., the uninscribed portions of used divination bones) to practice everyday writing. Smith (2010) argues  that the main purpose of the workshops was divination, and education of the next generation of diviners simply took place there.   Smith describes curricula that started with ganzhi (cyclical) date tables and buxà ºn (divining for the week ahead) records. Then the students copied more complex model texts including actual divination records as well as specially composed practice models. It appears that the Oracle Bone Workshop students worked with the masters, at the place where divination was performed and recorded.   History of Oracle Bone Research Oracle bones were first identified in the late 19th-century, at archaeological sites such as Yinxu, a late Shang Dynasty capital near Anyang. Although their role in the invention of Chinese writing is still being debated, research into the large caches of oracle bones has demonstrated how the script developed over time, the structure of the written language, and the variety of topics about which the Shang rulers required divine advice about. Over 10,000 oracle bones were found at the site of Anyang, primarily ox shoulder blades and turtle shells carved with archaic forms of Chinese calligraphy, used for divination between the 16th and 11th century BC. There is a bone artifact-making workshop at Anyang which apparently recycled sacrificial animal carcasses. Most of the objects produced there were pins, awls, and arrowheads, but the shoulder blades of the animals are missing, leading researchers to surmise this was a source for oracle bone production elsewhere. Other research on oracle bones is focused on the inscriptions, which do much to enlighten scholars about the Shang society. 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