Issues Concerning IT Outsourcing

Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly. Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers† concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing. The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly. Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability. It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators. Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firm†s intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing. Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendor†s extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out. They could spend money on investments that a company couldn†t afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendor†s main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer. Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered. There are many ways to manage IT outsourcing since every company has different culture, strategy, structure, people, and process. Also, many important issues such as structure, Information management operating processes, management processes, human resources management should be clarified. However, I†m here going to use Xerox†s outsourcing process. A company may go through 5 phases to reach a successful outsourcing; Fact Gathering, Request for Proposal and Data Gathering, Feasibility and management Approval, Baseline Building and Evaluation, Due Diligence and Contract Awarded. At first, information management (IM) collects the facts the company faces and design team recommendation. Then IM request for information to numerous vendors. After compare their response with evaluation checklist which includes technical, HR, financial, contractual factors, IM conclude the feasibility of outsourcing and make recommendation for management. Then, with the Management†s approval, IM start to build best-case model and contract terms while evaluate the vendors† proposal using evaluation checklist again. Then, the final negotiation and selection for contract development will be made and, finally, terms are finalized and contract is drafted. Many outsourcing contracts are structured for very long periods in a world of fast-moving technical and business change. Eight to ten years is the normal length of a contract in an environment in which computer chip performance is shifting by 20 to 30 percent per year. Consequently, a deal that made sense at the beginning may take less economic sense three years later and require adjustments to function effectively. Exacerbating the situation is the timing of benefits. The first-year benefits are clear to customer, who often receives a one-time capital payment. The customer then feels relieved to shift problems and issues to another organization. The situation from the outsourcer†s perspective is just the reverse. The first year may require a heavy capital payment followed by the extraordinary costs for switching responsibility to them and executing the appropriate cost-reduction initiatives. All this is done in anticipation of a back-loaded profit flow. At precisely the time the outsourcer is finally moving into its earnings stream, the customer, perhaps feeling the need for new services, is chafing under monthly charges and anxious to move to new IT architectures. If the customer has not had experience in partnering activities before, the relationship can develop profound tensions. The evolution of technologies often changes the strategic relevance of IT service to a firm. From the customer†s viewpoint, assigning a commodity service to an outsider is very attractive if the price is right. Delegating a firm†s service differentiator is another matter. The customer that made the original decision on efficiency will judge it differently if using effectiveness criteria later. IT outsourcing has so many positive effects for a company even though it still contains various problem needed to be solved. In the Internet age, any company may want to focus its internal staff on moving it to the environment that will support them tomorrow and outsourcing could be one of the best solutions. Also, outsourcing is really more of an integration of two separate businesses to be successful. Both want to take the best parts of each culture and put them together. In addition, critical success factors including existence of a multi-years, corporate commitment to the IM strategy and outsourcing, and quality culture and attitude should be considered in outsourcing.

Iphone Marketing Strategy Essay

iPhone Marketing Strategy iphone marketing strategy Iphone marketing strategy – Just like just about all Apple company advertising, the actual apple iphone online marketing strategy is extremely obvious, easy as well as smart. Using the basically apple company image, Apple company targets the actual real revolutionary type of their own items without having all of the â€Å"fluff†. The actual apple iphone was launched through Apple company within 06, 2007. The actual ground-breaking type of the actual apple iphone had been recommended with regard to several weeks prior to the preliminary discharge and it has continued to be the very best of the greatest with regards to mobile phones in the last many years. Prior to the iPhone’s recognized discharge, Apple company went 4 tv advertisements advertising the brand new mobile phone. The very first from the advertisements shows the brand new apple iphone because the next phase upward in the well-liked ipod device. The actual ipod device had been extremely popular up to this time, and also the apple iphone had been said to be the actual next-generation ipod device, oh yea, also it’s the telephone! The actual ad shows all the improved functions obtainable in the actual ipod device, and much more,Iphone marketing strategy the idea becoming â€Å"There’s in no way already been a good ipod device that may do that. inch â€Å"So, Iphone marketing strategy state you are viewing Cutthroat buccaneers from the Caribbean† Hand mouse clicks upon movie as well as shows broad display film. â€Å"Mmm, do an individual state Calamari? inch Hand mouse clicks to menus, chooses Roadmaps software to find ‘Seafood’. â€Å"The nearest will be†¦ inch Chart shows just about all sea food areas as well as illustrates area Iphone marketing strategy closest for you. â€Å"Ah! inch  Hand mouse clicks sea food area, as well as cafe telephone number shown. apple iphone dial’s. The very first 4 apple iphone advertisements flaunted the actual comfort, development, as well as effectiveness of the solitary item using the performance associated with not just a telephone, or perhaps a songs gadget, however an item that may, amongst other activities, pay attention to songs,Iphone marketing strategy Iphone marketing strategy view  movies, look at pictures, help to make meeting phone calls, examine e-mail, see the internet, as well as look at roadmaps. ————————————————- Iphone marketing strategy iphone marketing strategy 2 Not just will Apple company make use of tv for his or her online marketing strategy, however they take advantage of their own web site through publishing movies, Iphone marketing strategy additionally they released a number of press announcements which might have been launched in a single solitary record. Apple company frequently utilizes this plan to develop hoopla as well as depart the customer seeking much more. Along with Apple’s short press announcements, providing the actual target audience small to visit away, â€Å"Apple leveraged the regulation associated with interpersonal physics — information, such as character, abhors vacuum pressure. Within the lack of actual info, people who worry about an item may understand from any kind of gossip which arrives their own method. Apple company might openly disavow the actual gossip Internet sites which scramble with regard to leftovers concerning the businesses programs, however privately their own advertising division should be thrilled. It might be expensive to purchase which type of Internet marketing. inch (Silverman, 2007) Iphone marketing strategy The state apple iphone web site will a lot more than simply supply details about the merchandise. The web site offers best tricks and tips with regard to using a good apple iphone, in addition to a large concentrate on applications. Nearly the whole apple iphone web page shows pictures associated with applications, offers the â€Å"App from the 7 days, inch the web site additionally consists of areas entitled â€Å"Apps with regard to Every thing, inch and also the â€Å"Top Applications. inch Apple’s web site is a good advertising device with regard to present apple iphone customers as well as customers with an curiosity about buying the actual appl e iphone. The actual marketing from the applications may produce a more powerful supply of income with regard to Apple company. Because clients observe best programs, these people may obtain the actual application, instead of looking via twenty five, 000+ applications to locate 1 which may be associated with any kind of  worth towards the customer. Iphone marketing strategy Prosperous more youthful males had been the prospective target audience which Apple company experienced initially centered on. Apple company experienced wished which with this particular audience, as well as the truth that 48% of the target audience didn’t currently personal a good Apple company ipod device, allows these phones achieve their own predict associated with 10 zillion product sales through the finish associated with 08. Iphone marketing strategy 30 days before the discharge from the apple iphone, Options Investigation Team profiled the cross-section of these conscious of the telephone. The actual predic t associated with audience during the day from the discharge rated most T-Mobile clients, AT&T’s just GSM-based item rival, from 15%. The 2nd biggest team likely to buy the brand new apple iphone had been AT&T’s current client bottom, from 12%. The actual Options Investigation Team additionally discovered which 72% associated with guys, as opposed to 28% associated with ladies had been probably to research the telephone from it’s minimal cost associated with $499. (Malley, 2007) Iphone marketing strategy The most obvious present focus on viewers for that Iphone consist of young adults between your age range associated with 20 as well as thirty-five, wealthy teens, â€Å"jet-setters†, as well as â€Å"mobile† workers that function outside the workplace. Apple company is famous for his or her simplified, however catchy advertisements. Within current tv advertisements for that Iphone, â€Å"There’s a good Application with regard to that† may be the brand new capture expression which locations a powerful concentrate on the actual applications obtainable in the Application Shop. Applications, or even programs, have been in â€Å"every class, through video games in order to company, training in order to amusement, financial in order to physical fitness, efficiency in order to social network. These types of programs happen to be made to make the most of apple iphone functions for example Multi-Touch, the actual accelerometer, cellular, as well as GPS† (Apple company, ’09). Apple company presently statements to possess twenty five, 000+ applications obtainable, as well as keeping track of. The actual concentrate on the actual variance associated with applications provided starts in the audience significantly. There’s basically a good application for everybody. Because some of the apple iphone advertisements promote, you’ll find the actual snowfall problems about the hill, monitor calories  from fat inside your lunch time, discover wherever a person left your vehicle. You’ll find the taxi inside a unusual town, discover your own reveal from the expenses for any desk associated with 5, or even learn how to repair the shaky bookshelf. You are able to study the cafe evaluation, study a good MRI, or simply study a normal aged guide. They are just some of the actual functions which Apple company offers marketed via tv advertisements. apple iphone applications supply each and every performance that certain can see right now. Iphone marketing strategy Once the apple iphone was launched, it had been costing the significant $599. Nevertheless, thousands and thousands of individuals hurried away to find the brand new telephone, shelling out another around they’d have experienced these people anxiously waited an additional a few months. a few months following the preliminary discharge, Apple company decreased the buying price of the actual apple iphone in order to $399. This particular angered Apple’s faithful clients as well as customers that bought the brand new telephone simply several weeks previously. Twelve months later on, Apple company once again decreased the buying price of the actual apple iphone in order to $199, 66% under the initial cost. Within This summer, 2007, the actual Iphone had been all of the hoopla. In my opinion which Apple’s choice release a the telephone from $599 had been somewhat depending on avarice. Nevertheless, their own item had been probably the most revolutionary away on the mar ket location, Iphone marketing strategy providing Apple company the actual independence in order to cost the actual apple iphone from what ever these people desired. Numerous thought which Apple company experienced reduce the cost following finding less than anticipated apple iphone product sales. Apple company, nevertheless, says how the discounted had been created â€Å"to encourage vacation product sales as well as forecasted which Apple company might fulfill it’s mentioned objective associated with promoting it’s 1 millionth apple iphone through the finish associated with Sept. inch (Dalrymple, 2007) Just like the merchandise existence period associated with any kind of mobile phone or even Apple company item, such as Apple’s ipod device, costs in many cases are decreased significantly several weeks following the at first discharge. Technology items tend to be usually contending towards â€Å"the most recent as well as greatest† whilst sustaining  another cost on the market location. Experienced Apple company not really decreased the buying price of the actual apple iphone, the client bottom might have dwindled rapidly as numerous Ä ±ndividuals are not willing to invest $599 on the mobile phone, regardless of the number of helpful functions the telephone might have. Iphone marketing strategy Since the apple iphone continues to be to become the main smartphone close to, the merchandise keeps growing, growing dimension abilities, growing the amount of programs obtainable, as well as supplying brand new functions which are launched via brand new iterations from the telephone, still give a higher worth towards the apple iphone as the prices continues to be appropriate. At the moment within the item existence period, Apple company is constantly on the discharge improved iterations from the apple iphone. Along with the majority of apple iphone customers un-willing to buy a more recent edition from the apple iphone due to cost, the prospective target audience for that more recent era cell phones is actually brand new apple iphone clients. Along with Apple’s set up bottom ongoing to develop, they’ve discovered a means generate reoccurring income using their current clients with the product sales of the software downloading. Because increasing numbers of people buy the apple iphone, Apple’s target audience with regard to new clients is constantly on the diminish. Luckily with regard to Apple company, they’ve built-in an additional supply with regard to income which proceeds through the existence Iphone marketing strategy from the item. Incoming search terms: iphone marketing strategy, iphone 5 marketing plan, iphone 5 marketing strategy, iphone 5 marketing strategies, iphone marketing, marketing plan for iphone 5, iphone marketing plan, apple iphone 5 marketing strategies, marketing strategy of iPhone 5, marketing strategy for iphone 5

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Law - Essay Example uring all the computers are password protected, installation of antivirus, and firewalls in all the computers at home is one of the most important facets that must be adhered to reduce this vice. In addition to this securing VIOP networks helps in controlling e-crime. On the other hand it is important to understand that e-crime can easily be detected through installation of cookies which provides information about any illegal users of the network currently in use. Although it is always difficult to detect hackers, the field of computer forensic helps in detecting this vice. Apart from the basics of computer protection like passwords and firewalls, computer forensics can detect any sound and digital information that may have been routed out or into the computer system. It is important to understand that e-crime is punishable by the federal state. According to the office of Maine AG e-crimes are felonies which are punishable by up to six months incarcerations and $ 1,000

Edinburgh International Comedy Festival Assignment

Edinburgh International Comedy Festival - Assignment Example This company follows the services religiously to minimize the errors by double-checking. If a mistake occurs it has to be corrected sooner and then delivered to the people because if we make a mistake it would affect us for a long time as there are major long-term commitments we have made. Our operation managers keep check on every single thing that distinct our company from others as a signature like the type of music, lighting and sounds are chosen very carefully and so is our official logo of an importance that reflects our brand loyalty and recognition. The designed logo with the writing style and vivid colors represents the theme of our cafà © (Wong). It is very important to display our updated new official logo for the promotions of the event or advertising because it widely recognized all over the world and there are networks of shops where many tourists but the products or items with the official logo of Hard Rock Cafà © and the company is getting the 48% of the sale from m erchandise. Therefore it should be considered that all the customers and event participants might be getting into the confusion or may doubt the brand status by seeing the old logos at the websites and announcements promoting the annual event organized by your organization. I hope that you will try to prevent the usage of outdated logos of Hard Rock Cafà © and for the recent event promotions I would be grateful if you try your best to make changes in the web designs and announcement by the 1st of June so that we can together fix the blunders that could impact our brand reliability. This act of yours may prolong the benefits of the annual event Edinburgh International Comedy Festival.   

Does corporate Social Responsibility influence consumers behaviors Essay

Does corporate Social Responsibility influence consumers behaviors - Essay Example According to Philip L. Cochran and Robert A, if CSR tend to be negatively correlated with financial performance of firms, managers should be paying more attention to this area. On the other hand, a positive relationship indicates the CSR principles of the firm are good for company. In addition, the social responsibilities can help companies improve the brand image and enhance the reputation, and attract more employees and potential business partner (Tsoutsoura, 2004). They are finally creating more value of the firm. Some recent article also exam CSR as having positive relationship with consumers’ behaviour. The study of Rahim, Jalaludin and Tajuddin (2011) indicates that all of the CSR components (economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic) have a significant relationship with consumers' buying behaviour in Malaysia. Problem Statement The 2009 report, dubbed ‘Green to the Core’ published by Consumer Focus (soon to be a victim of the cuts), rated the UK’s top nine supermarkets on how well they inform consumers about sustainability issues and help them to make more sustainable choices; both through provision of products and information. In this report, Sainsbury’s and M&S were ranked A. (Ethical consumers 2011). Many studies have been done in CSR regarding consumer purchasing decisions in countries. However, not many studies have been conducted in organizations, such as food retailers. CSR activities should enhance a corporation's image. According to Lafferty, Barbara and Ronald (1999), a positive corporate image is positively correlated to purchase intention and also helps consumers to differentiate between companies and their product or service offerings. Therefore, loyalty and commitment from customers are likely to increase if companies act responsibly and accountably in terms of their social and environmental impact (Brown & Dacin, 1997; Pirsch, Gupta, & Grau, 2007). Ethical consumers 2011 shows Corporate Social Responsibility Scores (see the table above) of the 8 main food retailers in UK. The research was divided into seven main area: animal welfare, climate change, health, toxics, waste, water and worker’s right. Co-op was the leading retailer on CSR with 56 %, and following is M&S (39%) and Sainsbury’s (29%) (Ethical consumers 2011). Aims and Objective The aim of the current study is to use M&S as a case to analyse the consumers’ behavior on CSR. Marks and Spencer plc (also known as M&S) is a UK based retailer and it is mainly committed to the selling of high quality food products, stylish clothing and home products. It was set up in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds. Today, over 78,000 employees are hired by M&S PLC in the UK and abroad, and M&S has 731 branch UK stores and 387 stores across 43 areas around the world. According to the Annual Report of M&S (2012), there are 21 million people visiting the indoor stores every week. M&S is listed at the London STOCK Exchange and joined FTSE 100 index. Based on Interbrand 2012 Best Retail Brands Report, Marks & Spencer as the second most valuable retail brand in the UK and its brand value increased by 3% to. $6,256m (Perella, 2012). Significance of the Study M&S aims to become the world’s most sustainable retailer. Plan A is an environmental and ethical programme launched by M&S in January 2007 and set out 138 commitments in 2012. Plan B focus on climate change, reduce waste, use sustainable raw materials, trade ethically and help customers to

The WTO has been hijacked by rich country interests, thereby worsening Essay

The WTO has been hijacked by rich country interests, thereby worsening the conditions of the poor in less prosperous countries - Essay Example Taking the case of Zimbabwe as case in point, one can see how the WTO seeks to exploit this resource rich area of the globe for its mineral wealth while at the same time rejecting the market value of finished goods or food that Zimbabwe is capable of producing (Baumberg & Anderson, 2008). As such, the relationship is only a one way relationship in which Zimbabwe, and many nations like it, are forced to sell their products at lower prices to the richer members of the WTO. Further, even the goods that might exist to be traded on the global market are disproportionately priced and locked out of key global markets as a result of the actions that entities such as the WTO engage. Yes, it must not be the understanding of the reader that such a situation of raw material extraction and price setting is somehow unique with regards to sub-Saharan Africa. Instead, the unfortunate fact of the matter is that developed nations around the globe utilize price setting and currency wars, as well as pro duct dumping, to ensure that this particular approach to global supremacy and economic power are maintained at a systemic level. Further, taking the example of Burma, a nation that has only recently stepped out of military dictatorship, it can be understood that the WTO also seeks to take advantage of this nation; not only with respect to its surplus of cheap labor but with regards to its agricultural exports. As a direct result of the combined benefit of preferential trade, WTO member nations, specifically the wealthy ones, are able to pay their own farmers a subsidy in order that they might be able to compete with the low cost exports of nations such as Burma. In such a manner, entities such as the WTO are able to exploit poorer/less developed nations by forcing them to sell the products that are desired at a given price as well as ensuring that they are not able to gorow their own domestic economy by subsidizing any industry or agricultural sector that runs the risk of being over taken by the cheap exports that such a nation might provide to the market (Williams, 2001). One need look no further than the way in which heavy levels of subsidies exist throughout Western Europe and the United States in order to understand the way in which offenses maneuvers are continually engaged to ensure that the third world is unable to compete with the first. As such, the take away understanding that can be provided from this brief analysis is the fact that the WTO is ultimately like any other organization is made up of a large number of stakeholders (Antell & Coleman, 2011). Rather than determining that the WTO is brought to human ethics and should be dissolved immediately and forth with, the more reasonable and rational understanding that should be engaged is the fact that a disproportionate level of power and determinacy is given to those nations that hold the wealth throughout the global system; enabling them to take advantage of the poorer nations and set prices rather than engaging in a level of true economic freedom and cooperation. Ironically, this level of freedom and economic cooperation is the cornerstone upon which the WTO was originally founded. However, as can be seen from the preceding

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Business - Essay Example However, as much as online banking is present in many banks few have services worth consideration as e-banking. Banks engage in e-banking due to a number of benefits that they accrue together with their consumers and other stakeholders. This paper will look into e-banking in UK and how it is helping banks. E-banking and customers E-banking still has strides to make in order for banks, customers and stakeholders to fully benefit. In the developed world where technological literacy is high many banks have not embraced fully-fledged e-banking services. Many customers also have stuck with the traditional banking systems. This has led to a few net transactions being carried out under the e-banking systems (Helen and Fotini 2004). It is important to note that when a customer is satisfied, the service provider is satisfied in return. Customers who have chosen e-banking methods have done so to avoid standard practices that plague traditional banking (Ian 2009). Other customers do so to ensur e security and privacy of transactions since banks with e-banking options offer security guarantees. Customers are able to do a great deal online for example balance and e-statement inquiries, money transfers, changing personal details e.g. PIN, control overdraft transactions, manage standing orders and payments of bills among others. There are help lines established by banks most of which operate on 24 hours basis. E-banking and banks Mainstream banks in the UK like HSBC, Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Lloyds are now having a wide range of e-banking services which are clearly illustrated in their websites. They are leveraging on the potential that internet technology has in order to establish online banking facilities. These banks have gained millions of customers from all over the world due to the flexible and convenient nature of e-banking (Ali, Datamonitor (Firm) and Reuters Business Insight 2000). Some of concrete advantages are as follows; 24 hours operations This is basically the biggest advantage where banks operate even after locking up their branches in the evening. E-banking enables customers to access their bank account details on a 24 hours basis as mentioned before. More customers Banks that utilise their marketing strategies to capture more customers are sure to gain more by having e-banking services. E-banking reaches many potential customers who are able to view what a bank has on offer and apply immediately in the bank’s website (Teo and Tan 2000). Traditional banks which have physical locations tend to use more effort to physically reach the prospective customer and convince them to open an account. Innovation in product and service range E-banking enables banks to develop products and services that can only serve internet users. Some of these are the e-bank statements, DVDs, news feeds on finances and financial calculators among others (Buckle, Buckle and Thompson 2004). This has however been challenging for banks in term s of investment cost. The more the services, the more is the initial cost but due to the relative lower cost of operations in the online business in the long term, the initial costs are overshadowed. Broad customer base It is an emerging advantage with banks attracting customers who are beyond their geographical regions. Internet is everywhere

Project Paper-Adult Development Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project Paper-Adult Development Issues - Essay Example What emerges from this study is the importance of physical and intellectual competence, an adaptive personality, financial security and a supportive family. A sustained, dramatic change in the demographic profile of American society has been observed and documented in recent years, brought about by a new high in life expectancy, which has increased to approximately 77 years, showing a difference between 73.6 years for men and 79.4 years for women. Statistical studies predict that, by 2050, the elderly (above 65 years of age) will constitute a significant 22.9% of the U.S. population (Schaie and Willis, 2002. Page 5). This trend can be attributed mainly to the migration of young adults, fertility rates over different periods and mortality. The marked rise in life expectancy is matched by a corresponding decline in mortality rates, chiefly due to vast strides in sanitation, nutrition and scientific advances in medical treatment. As we inevitably head towards a society with an increasingly aged population, with its’ attendant problems and implications, the study of gerontology takes on urgent significance. Gerontology is defined as â€Å"the study of the phenomena of the aging process from maturity into old age, as well as the study of the elderly as a special population† (Schaie and Willis, 2002. Page12). The word is derived from the Greek ‘geras,’ for old age. An approach that would contribute to a more complete understanding of elderly people’s capabilities and positions is one which does not rank them on the basis of chronological age alone, but differentiates between biological age, which is dependent on the physical condition of the body; social age, which reflects the position occupied by the individual in society; psychological age, which is indicative of behavior, attitude and skills. Another approach which

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING SPECIALTY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING SPECIALTY - Essay Example Even though such psychiatric nurses have been in existence for a very long time, there continues to be changes or evolutions that are experienced in the delivery of their roles. The current stage in the specialty’s evolution can be pointed to be concentrated on the nature of management interventions that are used in treating patients. By this, reference is being made to the introduction and use of multi-formulated interventions to care. Such multi-formulated interventions focus on the combination of psychosocial interventions, spiritual interventions, medication, and therapeutic relationships (Penades, Catalan and Salamero, 2006). In order that psychiatric nurses will be able to go about this evolution well, the body which is responsible for certification of students which is the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) has introduced a new competency area for students which aim to promote advanced practice nursing. Once the need for the evolution was made public, there were several experts and commentators who expressed doubt at the possibility of the change being possible. The author however holds the opinion that the specialty has the potential to evolve. For those who argued that the evolution was not possible, their major point of argument was that the multi-formulated intervention was going to defeat the conservative practice where care giving had been very concentrated on specific areas of disorder (Kemp and Davis, 2006). This should however not be seen as a reason for the failure of the evolution. The reason this is said is that mental health conditions come in many different forms and are often accompanied with the exhibition of different lines of disability. Often, these disabilities touch on several aspects of life including cognition, behavioral, psychological, social, and spiritual. In the light of this, using an isolated and focused intervention

Nursing Community Project Hypertension impact on the Miami dade County Essay

Nursing Community Project Hypertension impact on the Miami dade County Commiunity - Essay Example 2. Demographic Characteristics of the Selected Miami Dade County Community Miami Dade County has been selected as the setting for analyzing the impact of hypertension upon the community. Miami Dade is located in the state of Florida in the United States. The total population of this county constitutes to approximately 2,253,362. According to a recent survey conducted, it was observed that the number as well as the rate of deaths caused by hypertension is the significant cause of fall in the demographic figure of Miami Dade County. In the year 2006, it was stated that high blood pressure is determined to be the primary cause for death of around 319,000 Americans. Additionally, the rate of death due to hypertension has tremendously increased in the recent years. Furthermore, it has been observed that within the increased rate of around 58.7% suffers of hypertension, there includes a majority of females within Miami Dade (Health Council of South Florida Inc, 2010). On the basis of furth er analysis, it has been detected that ‘Prehypertension’ as well as ‘high blood pressure’ within adolescents have taken an accelerated leap in the recent years within Miami Dade County. ... Miami represents the one of the major cosmopolitan areas within the United States. This particular county nearly constitutes 38 ‘Census-designated’ places and 16 unincorporated regions. The county’s total physical area entails around 6,297 km2. It has been observed that immigrants of Miami Dade County were drastically affected by hypertension in the year 2006 and it continues to accelerate with the passing of years (Health Council of South Florida Inc, 2010). 4. Statistics According to the observation of Miami-Dade County Community Health Report Card, the increased admissions within hospitals caused by hypertension was the worst performance indicator in the year 2007.The pictorial diagram represented below depicts that with proper diagnosis as well as treatment of Hypertension in Miami Dade County, the disease can be prevented to a greater extent which stands to be in total around 34.1 percent (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). Source: (The Healthy Communi ties Institute, 2013) Source: (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013) According to the assessment made, the aforesaid diagram depicts that hypertension can affect both the genders to a considerable level that is around 34.1 percent on an average (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). According to the analysis of ‘The Healthy People 2020’ national health target is aimed at reducing the level of high blood pressure among the age group of 18 years and above to at least 26.9 percent (The Healthy Communities Institute, 2013). 5. Nursing Diagnosis NANDA diagnosis has laid down certain diagnosis interpretation of hypertension which has been briefly explained below: Risk for Reduced Cardiac Output There are various risks

History of Halloween Essay Example for Free

History of Halloween Essay Close to $7 billion dollars is what consumers spent on Halloween costumes, candy, and decorations in 2011. When the temperature starts to drop, the leaves turn different colors and the sun sets earlier little by little each day, fall is the perfect season to celebrate Halloween. Millions of children dress up and go to strangers doors begging for candy. Have you ever wondered where this strange and unique tradition originated from? The three most important points of Halloween can be summed up by looking at its origins, how it came to include jack-o-lanterns and bobbing for apples, and how it is celebrated today with trick-or-treating and haunted houses. Halloween, also known as All Hallows Eve, has originated from the ancient Celtic festival known as Samahin (sow-in) derived from the Old Irish Samuin meaning summers end. The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated the end of the harvest season with the festival of Samhain and celebrated the upcoming new Year on November 1. Used by the ancient pagans, Samhain was a time to take stock of supplies and prepare for winter. October 31 was the day the ancient Gaels believed the boundaries overlapped between the worlds of the living and the dead, and the departed souls would come back to life and cause mayhem such as damaged crops and sickness. The Gaels built massive bonfires and summoned the help from gods through animal and possibly human sacrifices to ward of the spirits. It is believed that the fires attracted insects to the area which in turn attracted bats. These are additional features of the history of Halloween. Halloween is also thought to be influenced by the Christian holy days of All Saints Day, also known as Hallowmas, and All Souls Day falling on November 1 and 2. It was a time for honoring the saints and praying for the deceased who had yet to reach heaven. Traditionally it was believed that the departed souls roamed the earth until All Saints Day, and Hallows Eve delivered one last chance before moving on to the next world, to gain revenge on their enemies. Christians would  disguise themselves in costumes and masks to avoid being recognized by the wandering souls. Trick or treating is the practice of dressing up in costumes and going door to door begging for candy and resembles the late medieval practice of souling when the poor would proceed door to door on Hallowmas receiving food, or soul cakes which were pastries, and in return would pray for their dead relatives souls. It was believed at the time the souls of the departed would wait for passage into heaven until enough people prayed for their souls. Soul cakes would be given in exchange for a song, performance, or another sort of trick in some cultures. Eventually, children embraced this practice and were given money, food, and ale. Jack o lanterns are a Halloween staple today, with at least two historical roots. The first is the pagan Celtic people carved turnips and rutabagas to hold hot coal from the bonfire to light their homes and ward off the evil spirits. Another folklore tale gives jack o lanterns their name. An Irish myth portrays a trickster and a drunk known as Stingy Jack, who asked the devil to have a drink with him. Jack persuaded the devil to change himself into a coin so he could pay for his drink, but instead he put the coin in his wallet next to a silver cross, trapping the devil and preventing him to change himself back. Jack said he would free the devil if he did not bother him for another year. The following year Jack tricks the devil into climbing an apple tree for a piece of fruit. He then carved a cross in the bark of the tree preventing the devil from climbing down. In order to get down from the tree, the devil promised Jack he would not seek his soul anymore. Because of his swindling and drunken ways, when Jack died he was not allowed into heaven. He also was not allowed into Hell because the devil kept his word. Taking pity on Jack, the devil gave him an ember to light his way in the dark, putting it into a hollowed out turnip for Jack to carry on his lonely, everlasting roamings around the Earth. People from Ireland and Scotland  would make Jack o lanterns during this season to scare away Stingy Jack and other evil spirits wandering about. Over the next several centuries, superstitions about witches and black cats were added to the folklore and legends of Halloween. Cats were thought of as evil, especially black cats, and were killed by the thousands in Medieval times, possibly contributing to the Black Plague, due to the shortage of the rats natural enemy, the cat. During this time, the church created the belief that evil witches existed. Apples, which are a seasonal fruit, and the symbol of the Roman goddess Pomona, were thought at the time to retain qualities of knowledge, resurrection, and immorality. Bobbing for apples was thought to predict the future on the night of Samhain. (sow-in) Halloween eventually made its way over the Atlantic in the second half of the nineteenth century when America became flooded with new immigrants. Taking from Irish and English traditions, Americans began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money, a practice that ultimately became todays trick-or-treat tradition. The 20th century saw an emergence of Halloween as a genuinely North American holiday and one that was becoming an advantage for shopkeepers and manufactures. Costuming became popular for Halloween parties for children and adults as well. The first mass-produced Halloween costumes appeared in stores in the 1930s when trick-or-treating was becoming popular in the United States. Halloween costumes are traditionally modeled after supernatural figures such as monsters, ghosts, skeletons, witches, and devils. Over time, the costume selection extended to include popular characters from fiction, celebrities, and generic prototypes such as ninjas and princesses. Haunted attractions are entertainment venues designed to thrill and scare patrons. Most attractions are seasonal Halloween businesses. Origins of these paid scare venues are difficult to pinpoint, but it is generally  accepted that they were first commonly used by the Junior Chamber International (Jaycees), who are a non-political youth service organization between the ages of 18 to 40, for fundraising. They include haunted houses, corn mazes, and hayrides, and the level of sophistication of the effects has risen as the industry has grown. Haunted attractions in the United States bring in an estimate $300-500 million each year, and draw some 400,000 customers. This maturing and growth within the industry has led to more technically-advanced special effects and costuming, comparable with that of Hollywood films. Halloween is currently the second most important party night in North America, and in terms of its retail potential, it is second to Christmas. Personally, Halloween is one of my favorite days of the year. Even as an adult, to dress up and be someone or something else for the night can be fun and exciting. To escape reality into a fantasy-like world where goblins mingle with princesses is definitely a strange site to see, but is well worth the money and time devoted to one of the spookiest nights of the year. So whether you celebrate Halloween or not, you now have an idea of how Halloween originated, how it came to include bobbing for apples and jack-o-lanterns, and how we celebrate it today with haunted houses and trick-or treating. The sources I cited for this information are from: www.cnbc.com www.halloweenhistory.org www.wikipedia.org www.history.com

Plato | Introduction and Evaluation

Plato | Introduction and Evaluation Plato An allegory, by definition, is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other then the literal. An allegory is referred to as a figure of language but it does not need to be expressed this way. It can be expressed in pictures, sculptures, and other forms of art. The â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is of that used by Plato within his work, The Republic. This work is examined by his student Socrates and is found to be related to Plato’s â€Å"Metaphor of the Sun† and â€Å"analogy of the divided line.† Plato’s Republic tries to illustrate the degrees in which our nature can be enlightened or unenlightened. Plato in a discussion with an acquaintance by the name Glaucon, urges him to imagine the condition of men living in a sort of cavernous chamber underground, with an entrance open to the light and a long passage all down the cave. Here the men have remained since childhood, chained by the leg and by the neck. The men cannot move and can only see what is in front of them. At a high distance up there is a light of a fire burning behind them, between said fire and the prisoners there is a parapet built along it. This is used to hide the performers who show their puppets along the top of the parapet. Behind the parapet, there are a number of people carrying various artificial objects, including figures of men and animals in wood or stone and various other materials. There objects are projected above the parapet. Some of the persons are talking while others remain silent. According to Plato the prisoners confined would see nothing of themselves or others except for a bit of the cave shadows carried past. They would also only speak in reference to said shadows. In every way, the prisoners would recognize reality as nothing but the shadows of those artificial objects. Plato then asks us to consider what would happen if one of the prisoners was released from their chains and set free. That prisoner would be forced to have to stand up, walk upright, and walk with his eyes directed towards the light. All these movements would be painful to said prisoner. The prisoner would also be dazzled by all that existed in this â€Å"outside world† to notice what objects had been making the illusions and shadows all along. If someone told him that what he had formerly had seen was a meaningless illusion and was actually now nearer to reality then before, it would be extremely difficult for the prisoner to believe. If someone actually showed him the various obje cts being carried and told what each of them was, the prisoner would be perplexed and would probably believe that most of the objects shown to him were not real and what he formerly saw was. Plato then goes on to detail what would happen if the prisoner had to look at the firelight itself. According to Plato, the prisoner’s eyes would ache and he would try to escape to the things he could see distinctly. The prisoner would then be convinced that they were clearer then those other objects being shown to him. Plato also addresses what would happen if the prisoner were to be dragged away forcibly up the steep and rugged ascent and would not be let go until he faced the sunlight. The prisoner would be so affected by his treatment that he would suffer pain and confusion. The prisoner would then be blinded by the light of the sun and would not be able to see any of the objects he was told were now existent and real. The prisoner would need to grow accustomed before he could see things in the â€Å"upper world.† He would have to start small, viewing things such as shadows and reflections before he viewed more complex images such as that of sky, the light of the moon, and the stars. The prisoner would then move on to view the Sun and contemplate its existence. From examining it, the prisoner would then conclude that the Sun produces the seasons and the course of the year and controls everything in the visible world, and moreover it is the cause of all that he and his companions use to see. The prisoner would then consider his former fellow prisoners and he would surely think himself happy in the change and would feel sorry for them. The prisoners may have had a practice where they honored and commended one another, with a prize for the man who had the keenest eye for the passing of shadows and the best memory for the order in which they followed or accompanied one another, so that he could make a good guess as to which was going to come next. Plato questions whether the released prisoner would be likely to covet those prizes or to envy the men exalted to honor or power in the cave. Plato questions if the prisoner would be like Homer’s Achilles, and he would far sooner endure â€Å"being on earth as a hired servant in the house of a landless man† or endure anything rather then go back to his old beliefs and live in the old way. Plato then goes on to imagine what would happen if the prisoner went down again to take his former place within the cave. The prisoner would be emerging from the sunlight into a cavern filled with darkness. He would possibly be required to give his opinion on shadows, in competition with the prisoners who had never been released, while his eyes were still dim and unsteady, since the prisoner has not yet accustomed himself to the light. The other prisoners would laugh at him and say that he had left only to come back with his eyesight damaged, this according to itself would caution them from attempting to escape the cave. If someone did try to free them, they would more then likely to lay hands upon said person and try to kill them. Plato then goes on to explain several things. The prison-like cave corresponds to the region revealed to us through the sense of sight and the firelight within it is similar to the power of the sun. The ascent to see the things in the upper world would be similar to the upward journey of the soul into the intelligible world. According to Plato, this is what he feels to be true but only Heaven truly knows whether it is true. According to Plato, in the world of knowledge, the last thing to be perceived and with great difficultly is the essential Form of Goodness. Once it is perceived, the conclusions must follow that, for all things, this is the cause of whatever is right and good in the visible world it gives birth to light and to the lord of light, white it is itself sovereign in the intelligible world and the parent of intelligence and truth. Without having had a vision of this Form no one can act with wisdom, either in his own life or in matters of the state According to Plato, individuals who have reached this state are often reluctant to manage the affairs of men. Their souls long to spend all their time in the upper world. They would have a difficult time interpreting from larger affairs such as the contemplation of divine things as opposed to the miseries of normal human life. The sensible man will remember that the eyes may be confused in two ways, by the change from light to darkness or from darkness to light; he will recognize that the same thing happens to the soul. He will then notice that the soul faces such differences. The soul will have difficulty differentiating between good and evil. In essence, education is not what it is said to be by some it does not put knowledge into a soul which goes not possess it, on the contrary, the soul has every available capability to have the power of leaning the truth and the organ to see it with. In order for one’s eye to see light instead of darkness their entire soul must be turned away from the changing world until its eye can bear to contemplate reality and the supreme splendor which we have called the Good. Hence there may well be an art whose aim would be to affect this very thing, the conversion of the soul; this would ensure that the soul instead of looking in the wrong direction would face the way it ought to be. We as individuals have souls that tell us the difference between good and evil. Our conscience helps us in learning what is morally acceptable and what is ultimately not. According to Plato, wisdom is the virtue of divine faculty, it never loses its power, its use for good or evil depends on which way it is turned. The use of wisdom, however, can be greatly harmful when it is used for evil. Plato then goes on to detail how a state cannot be properly governed by those who are uneducated. These people know nothing of the truth and cannot differentiate from what is good and what is inherently evil. It is up to the duty of philosophers to inform the public of what is good. Philosophers must teach other to make the journey towards wisdom. It is then that law can be property applied to ensure the welfare of the commonwealth as a whole. This will ultimately unite citizens in harmony; the community will share its rights and privileges as one. This will ultimately lead to a more united state. According to Plato, there is no real injustice in compelling philosophers to watch over and care for other citizens. Philosophers will have to act as teachers and mentors to ultimately secure the safety of a nation. Due to this, individuals will become more capable of being men of thought and men of action. Individuals would then be able to live with the rest of the world in â€Å"darkness.† The only difference is that they will be able to recognize every image for what it is and what it represents. These individuals will already be familiar with the concepts of justice, beauty, and goodness. Due to this, society would be more suitable to live in. Those in office or in power will understand the needs of their nation and of their people. According to Plato, this government will ultimately be based in truth. A true government is at its best and free only when its rulers understands the consequences of his actions, the needs of his people, and does not desire power and glory. The holding of ruler and power will only be viewed as an unavoidable necessity. The truth, according to Plato, is that we can have a well-governed society only if our rulers discover that there is a better life then that of being in office. Then power will be in the hands of men who value happiness and a good wise life above everything else. What goes wrong in government is when individuals seek happiness and power from public affairs. These rulers seek about fighting for power, thus ruining themselves and their own country. The life of true philosophy is that only one that looks down upon offices of state, who does not seek power and who does not love the ability to rule. If this does not exist, then life is open to warfare and turmoil. Ultimately, the best life is that of one lead by someone who seeks the best principles of government. One who does not covet power or wealth. This will ultimately lead to a good life for the ruler and his nation, this in the end being the best reward of all. Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† explains to us how we as individuals are in a â€Å"lower realm† of knowledge. The Allegory of the Cave symbolizes this journey and how it would look to those still in a lower realm. Plato is saying that humans are all prisoners and that the tangible world is our cave. The things which we perceive as real are actually just shadows on a wall. Just as the escaped prisoner ascends into the light of the sun, we amass knowledge and ascend into the light of true reality, where ideas in our minds can help us understand the form of â€Å"The Good†. This notion of â€Å"The Good† ultimately leads us to live successful lives that are based on knowledge, much like rulers who know what is needed to maintain the welfare of their nation. Knowledge is the greatest thing to have, according to Plato it is the basis for all things â€Å"good† within the universe.

Yeast Activity in Rice Wine Fermentation

Yeast Activity in Rice Wine Fermentation In this study, the effect of different starter culture has been studied and the activity of yeast during the rice wine fermentation also being observed. The UHT milk were being mix with different kind of starter culture. Later, the yoghurt mixture were being incubated and further undergoes chilling period which results in the desired yogurt. Natural yogurt and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota had been chosen to be the best among other starter culture as the pH is drop dramatically and this proves that, the metabolite activity was high. As for rice wine fermentation, yeast was being added into the rice and being mix thoroughly. The specific gravity and pH were being observed. The pH value of the rice wine decreasing as this proves that the acidity is increasing due to the metabolite activity of yeast. The specific gravity of the yeast shows increase as this indicates that the sugar were being extracted out from the rice. Introduction Ethanol fermentation had been found by human beings which indicates that the change that being caused by the bacterial action could results in the formation of products that were enjoyable to consume. For example, the spoilage of fruit juices can results in the formation of wine. An early experiment carried out by Eduard Buchner in 1896 in which he grounded up a group of cell with sand until it totally being destroyed. The liquid that remain were being extracted and being added to sugar solution. He assume that fermentation could not occur since the cells are dead because there are no life-force needed to carry out fermentation (Albasi et al., 2001). Fermentation is the process which produces alcoholic beverages or acidic products. The fermentation which occur basically involves in the breaking down of complex organic substances into simple substances (Budslawski and Drabent, 1972). Glycolysis provide an energy towards the microorganism and causing sugar molecules to be split up and the electrons were removes from electrons to molecules (Arici et al, 2004). The electrons were being passed around to an organic molecule such as pyruvic acid resulting in the formation of a waste product such as lactic acid, ethyl alcohol and etc which is vital to utilized fermentation (Arici et al, 2004). The production of yogurt is mainly through fermentation by lactic acid bacteria at the range of 27à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. The mechanism by which the synergistic effect of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. have been well studied (Collins and Gibson, 1999). The process mainly involves in the pretreatment of milk, homogenization, heat treatment and cooling. Many study have been done towards the probiotic bacteria which can be used as the starter culture in the yogurt production which being health benefits (Shortt, 1999). In the rice wine production, the end product which is wine is resulted from glucose fermentation. Glucose which is present in the rice will be broken down to form alcohol under favourable condition of the yeast (Arici et al., 2004). The rice wine will continue until all sugar were used up and being converted to alcohol. Based on (Arici et al, 2004), the process of producing rice wine has two steps where by saccharification process is the first step which uses fungal in order to hydrolyse the rice starch into sugar. The next step which involves are utilizing the product of saccharification to ethanol which can be describe as below: In this experiment, the studies aim to look the effect of different starter culture that has being used for yogurt production and to observe the rice wine fermentation in the changing of pH and specific gravity. Materials Methods: Yogurt fermentation There were 6 different starter culture that had been used which were natural yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis. Then, 12 mL of these starter cultures were being added into 500 mL UHT milk and being labelled separately. The pH of the milk before and after adding the starter culture were being taken. The mixture were being incubated at 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 4 5 hours. After this incubation, the pH of the yoghurts mixture will be tested again. The yoghurts were being incubated at 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C and the pH and also gram stained were performed after this chilling period. Below is the flow chart which summarises the methods of yogurt fermentation: Rice wine fermentation 1 kg of cooked rice were being prepared and being placed in a room temperature when conducting this experiment. The rice then were mix in ground with starter culture which are yeast and gradually being added up with approximately 1L of water until all the rice were mixed thoroughly with the yeast. The pH and specific gravity of the rice were being taken every day. Below is the flow chart which summarises the methods of rice wine fermentation: Results Yogurt production In the first session of the yoghurt production, 12ml of the starter culture which are natural yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis being inserted into the UHT milks. Then the pH were taken and being followed by incubation at 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. The pH and visual observation were taken again and continued to under chilling stages at 5 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. The final results and observation were taken. The morphology of the microorganism in the yogurt mixture were tested using the gram stain methods and being visualize using the microscope. In order to specify the identity of the microorganism and the quality of the product, the pHs and the gram stain observation were being compared. From table 1, all of the starter culture that was being used have a decrease in pH value from the inital pH to the incubated pH after undergo 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C incubation. All of the starter culture also have an increase value after undergo 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C chilling period. From figure 1 and table 1, the similarity and differences of morphology between all types of starter culture was being identified. When undergone gram staining, all of the starter culture showed purple colour under microscope indicates that it was gram positive bacteria instead gram negative bacteria which exhibit pink colour. Under the microscopic observation, the arrangement and shape of the bacteria was also being observed. Rice wine fermentation The experimentation of rice wine had been done for several days in which in the first day, the starter cultures were being mix with water and rice. The measurement of the pH and specific gravity were being taken every day until day 3. Based on table 2, the pH and specific gravity were being shown. The pH were found to be decreasing each day with the final pH was 2.94. The specific gravity shows an increasing value from 1.015 cm to 1.07 at day 2. However, the value are maintain at day 3.The appearance and morphology were being observed through wet mount techniques which use LPCB stain. The observation of yeast morphology can be seen at figure 2. Discussion Yogurt Production The yogurt production mainly used microorganism in its process which these microorganism having roles in the production of the lactic acid and controlling the aroma and flavour of the yogurt. The quality of the yogurt basically depending upon the time, temperature and the types of the starter culture that were used in the process. The common starter culture that was being used are Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The need to control the optimum temperature for the activity of the microorganism is important to obtain proper yogurt taste and quality. The conditions with low temperature will cause the culture to grow slowly in order to fully acidify the milk and to achieve proper taste of yogurt. However, higher temperature will cause the starter culture to be killed and the activity of the microorganism will goes down and the proper yogurt will be failed to produce. This is the consequences that might happen when the optimum temperature is not met. The secretion of the microorganism metabolite will contribute to the taste and flavour of the yogurt. This secretion and formation of the metabolites are basically depends on the growth rate of the microorganism. The incubation of the milk and starter culture for 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 5 hours is the condition to assist the fermentation of the microorganism in the starter culture and producing the metabolite products. The temperature and time that is being set up in this experiments are being chosen to be the optimum condition for the fermentation to occur (Galesloot et al, 1968) and the rate of the culture metabolism would be higher (Gupta et al., 1996). If the metabolism of the culture is higher, the taste of the yogurt will be much sweeter (Galesloot et al., 1968). When the desired pH of the acidity is reached, the yogurt was quickly being chilled at 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C in order to suppress the fermentation process and any metabolic activity of the microorganism. This is to ensure the quality and taste of the yogurt are being maintain and no further activity of the microorganism in order to prevent the spoilage of the yogurt (De brabander et al, 1999). This is important to estimate the standard of the yogurt product. There were 6 different starter culture that has been used in this experiment which are natural yoghurt, Pseudomonas sp., yeast, Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Yakult), Lactobacillus acidophilus (vitagen) and Lactococcus Lactis. The UHT milks that were given are at the pH of approximately 6.0 and these yogurts are being incubated in the same temperature and time. The result for the natural yoghurt shows the decreasing pH after being incubated at 40 -46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C for 4 to 6 hours which are from pH 5.31 to pH 2.90. But there is apparent increase in the pH after the chilling period of 4à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C which is to pH 3.69. The other starter culture also has the same pattern of pH which decreases after being incubated at 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C and increase after the chilled period of 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. But for the other culture, the pH increase after undergo chilling period at 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C does not as obvious as the natural yogurt. The underlying reason for this condition to occur is that the production of the Carbon dioxide (CO2) due to lactose fermentation causing the pH to decline after incubation period of 4 to 6 hours at 40 46 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. The growth of Lactobacillus is increasing and its predominates the whole yogurt produce more acid and causing the acids to accumulates which leads to the decrease in the pH of the yogurt for all of the starter culture that were being used in this experiment (Gomes and Malcata, 1999). All of the starter cultures have slight increase in the pH after being chilled at 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C and this is not as what is being expected. The chilling period of 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C should maintain and control the acidity of the mixture by reducing the metabolism activity of the starter culture which present and thus, reducing the byproduct formation at this step (Gomes and Malcata, 1999). However, the experimental result does show an increase due to several reasons. The first reason is that, there might be contaminants or other types of the microorganism that might interrupted the activity of the Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in this experiment. Hence, this interruption causing the low acidity and thus increase the pH. The other possible reason is that after the chilling period, the yogurt was not mixed causing pH gradient and the acid only concentrated at one part. But, to test the pH value using the pH meter, the yogurt was mix before testing the pH causing t he acid to be distributed and resulting in the homogenous solution which was less acidic. This is why the results after chilling period for all types of starter culture are increased. The observation that can be seen for natural yogurt is that after being incubated at 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C, the condition for which fermentation can occur is that, the yogurt have sour smell and have the appearance of milky curdles on the top and liquid at bottom and the consistency is thick and not even. Mostly of the visual observation of the yogurt with different starter culture have this curdles on the mixture and develop some sort of sour smell. This is because the acidity causing the disruption in the tertiary structure of the protein in the milk (Albasi et al, 2001). Hence, this situation produce curdles in the mixture. The smell of the mixture with different starter culture also have some sort of sour- like smell which can proved that the yogurt contain carbon dioxide. Based on the result in this experiment, the natural yoghurt has the minimum pH compared to the other starter culture followed by yakult, lactococcus lactis and vitagen after the incubation period of 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C. This is because the acidity shows that Lactobacillus predominates the yogurt mixture and produce more acid causing decreasing in the pH. The pH after the incubation at 40-46à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C of Pseudomonas sp. and yeast are higher compared to the other due to the acid production is lower and thus produce less acid causing the pH to be high. For the gram stained, the entire results shows gram stain positive in which under the microscope the image that could be seen is in purple colour. Most of the results are based on the expected. However for the yeast culture, no yeast being observed but the other types of microorganism can be seen. This is due to the presence of contaminants that might be cause during the pH measurement. At the bench, only one pH meter were provided and this will cause contamination of the pH meter resulting in the discrepancies in the result. The possible reason for this to occur is that the yeast might not being activated with the yogurt condition. This is due to the unfavourable condition for the yeast to grow. Hence, causing the other microorganism to dominate the yogurt. The result from the experiment showed that the natural yoghurt and Lactobacillus casei shirota (Yakult) was chosen to be effective starter culture in yogurt production due to the decline in the pH which shows that the bacteria were actively producing metabolite by product during the fermentation stages occurring. The high metabolite will fasten the yogurt flavour when being added with milk and fasten the process which will prevent spoilage of food and maintain the quality of the food. Rice wine fermentation For the rice wine fermentation, the pH are decreasing across the days of experimentation. This indicates that fermentation does occurs and producing acid as it by product. The metabolite activity which occurs in the fermentation are increasing, does produce more acids. The experimental results are based on what is expected. As for the specific gravity the pattern that can be seen is where there is an increase in the specific gravity from day o which is during the set up to day 2. However, there is no increase in the specific gravity in day 3. The specific gravity of the rice wine is the lowest in day 0 indicates that there are not much glucose being released to the solution (xxx). There are increase in the specific gravity because of the sugar which are being release to the solution are increasing as time increases (Zoecklein et al, 1995). The increase in specific gravity value also indicates that the extraction of carbohydrate which are constituents in the rice to sugar are increasing due to the increase in the metabolite activity of yeast. Theoretically, the sugar should be decreasing as the time goes by as the sugar being converted into alcohol due to fermentation process (Wanapu et al, 2002). As in this experiment, in day 3 to day 4, the specific gravity is maintain and it supposed to be decreasing as the sugar being used up for alcohol production. This might happened because the rice wine has stopped the extraction of the sugar and conversion of sugar to alcohol has just begun. That is why the value does not show any changes. This discrepancies might occur because that the rice were not evenly distributed and causing not all the sugar were being extracted and converted into alcohol. The time taken for this experiment is not enough to prove that there should be decrease value of specific gravity due to the glucose being used up. Conclusion From the experiment, the best chosen starter culture were natural yogurt and Lactobacillus Casei Shirota (Yakult) as the pH from initial pH undergo dramatic decline when fermentation process were done. The decrease in the pH value during this stage indicates the metabolic processes were being done and producing the by product which is acidic. The pH value of the rice wine fermentation also decreasing as a result of metabolic reaction occurring producing acidic by products and the increase in the specific gravity shows that the sugar are being extracted into the solution. Later, the sugar will be converted into alcohol causing the specific gravity to be no changed.

The Fab Four :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

The Fab Four In high school I had four teachers that were very important to my success. High school was a good time for me with all my sports, music activities, and Student Council, but it was also very tough. I didn't have many friends. Also, I worried so much about school and "getting the grade", that I often felt very stressed. I also went through a period of a couple years when I was pretty depressed. These four teachers helped me through my difficult times mostly by just being there to listen. I also loved their classes, but I think that more than anything they influenced me because I liked them as people and knew they believed in me. I truly believe that if a student likes a teacher, feels a connection with them, and can develop a relationship, they will be much more interested in the material and will care more and do better. The first two of these teachers, Mr. Oftedahl and Mr. Vepraskas (Mr. O and Mr. V), were my band and choir directors. What amazing people! I love music and often times use music as a form of escape or healing in the rough times. Mr. O and Mr. V were always there to listen to me and offer what comfort they could. I could talk to them as real people, on an adult level. They didn't treat me as a kid with just kid problems. They were very sincere when talking to me and were also very talented musicians. Even though they were my teachers, I know I can talk to them and that they are more than my teachers - they are my friends. Their friendship and open door was what I needed most at that time in my life. The other two high school teachers who were influential were helpful in the same ways as Mr. O and Mr. V, always willing to listen, but they were more. Because of these two teachers, I not only knew that I wanted to teach, but they helped me realize what I wanted to teach. Señorita Brown was my Spanish teacher my freshman and sophomore years. I fell in love with Spanish when I started taking it in 7th grade with the dream of someday traveling to Spain. Señorita Brown helped me to realize that not only did I love Spanish, but that I was gifted in the language and could help others.

Hill House :: essays research papers

Ever do something stupid to impress someone? Throughout a person’s life they will do something very ignorant or say something very stupid hundreds of times. Most of the time it is because they are trying to impress somebody or change their ways to make someone or others accept them. The story â€Å"Haunting of Hill House† has great examples of people changing just to fit in. The author Shirley Jackson, who died in 1965, was one of the most brilliant writers of her time. She was widely acclaimed for her hair-raising stories and novels of the supernatural. Although the â€Å"Haunting of Hill House† fits this description perfectly with its eerie description of supernatural tales of the happenings of Hill House; there is a more to it than hauntings. The story starts out with three guests being invited to the house to monitor any out of the ordinary occurrences in Hill House. Throughout the story the guests experience some ghostly moments. However during this one of t he guest named Eleanor changes her ways to fit in with the guests. Her actions show that society’s views on a person can lead that person to things they would never have thought of. One example would be when Eleanor told lies about herself and her past. Another example would be when Eleanor went around the house alone having no fear. Finally Eleanor became open and spoke out what was on her mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of society’s views on a person leading them to things they never thought of was when Eleanor became a liar and lied about her past. Today a lot of people are pressured so much by society to be a certain way they will lie about themselves to fit in with those certain people. In the story Eleanor feels that she does not fit in with the group of people who are staying at Hill House. She is a person with a lack of confidence so she feels she has to lie to feel accepted. â€Å"Theodora came through the bathroom door into Eleanor’s room; she is lovely, Eleanor thought, turning to look; I wish I were lovely.† This quote shows the lack of confidence she has. One of Eleanor’s lies was when she told the others she lived alone in an apartment. This is not true because she lives with her sister and her boyfriend in a house. The reason she told this lie was because Theo lived in an apartment with a friend so she felt Theo would not accept her. Hill House :: essays research papers Ever do something stupid to impress someone? Throughout a person’s life they will do something very ignorant or say something very stupid hundreds of times. Most of the time it is because they are trying to impress somebody or change their ways to make someone or others accept them. The story â€Å"Haunting of Hill House† has great examples of people changing just to fit in. The author Shirley Jackson, who died in 1965, was one of the most brilliant writers of her time. She was widely acclaimed for her hair-raising stories and novels of the supernatural. Although the â€Å"Haunting of Hill House† fits this description perfectly with its eerie description of supernatural tales of the happenings of Hill House; there is a more to it than hauntings. The story starts out with three guests being invited to the house to monitor any out of the ordinary occurrences in Hill House. Throughout the story the guests experience some ghostly moments. However during this one of t he guest named Eleanor changes her ways to fit in with the guests. Her actions show that society’s views on a person can lead that person to things they would never have thought of. One example would be when Eleanor told lies about herself and her past. Another example would be when Eleanor went around the house alone having no fear. Finally Eleanor became open and spoke out what was on her mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of society’s views on a person leading them to things they never thought of was when Eleanor became a liar and lied about her past. Today a lot of people are pressured so much by society to be a certain way they will lie about themselves to fit in with those certain people. In the story Eleanor feels that she does not fit in with the group of people who are staying at Hill House. She is a person with a lack of confidence so she feels she has to lie to feel accepted. â€Å"Theodora came through the bathroom door into Eleanor’s room; she is lovely, Eleanor thought, turning to look; I wish I were lovely.† This quote shows the lack of confidence she has. One of Eleanor’s lies was when she told the others she lived alone in an apartment. This is not true because she lives with her sister and her boyfriend in a house. The reason she told this lie was because Theo lived in an apartment with a friend so she felt Theo would not accept her.

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolò Machiavel

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavelli's, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in society. These attitudes and ideas were very appropriate for the time because they stressed strong, centralized power, the only kind of leadership that seemed to be working throughout Europe, and which was the element Italy was lacking. Machiavelli understood that obtaining such a government could not be done without separating political conduct and personal morality, and suggested that the separation be made. The Prince, written to the Medici family over five hundred years ago contained many truths, so universal and accurate that they still influence politics today. To understand the writings of Niccolà ² Machiavelli, it is necessary to understand the world of Niccolà ² Machiavelli, Renaissance Italy. The region was not one nation as it is today, rather a collection of several city-states, which contained internal fighting between powerful families, fighting with each other. This era differed from the preceding middle ages in many respects, the pope's power was weakened, money controlled power instead of noble birth, and there was a revival of ancient Greek and Roman literature, architecture and art by a new breed of people, the humanists. These changes created the environment in which Machiavelli lived. He saw how the quarrelling was weakeni... ...he ideas in contained proved themselves to be very useful in the government of people. Niccolà ² Machiavelli was born into a world of drastic change, Renaissance Italy, that would cause his mind to conjure ideas about many political issues transferred into books that the entire world has profited from since. His ideas were incredibly relevant to his time, because they suggested harsh governments, the only kind of governments that seemed to be working. He proposed creating these harsh governments through a separation of personal morality and political behavior. His ideas were so relevant and so universal, that they still influence politics today. Niccolà ² Machiavelli proposed the creating of strong central government more powerful than anything else, including religion and morality. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolà ³. The Prince. New York: Penguin Classics, 1999.

Admission essay for a postgraduate in fashion marketing

As soon as I completed my undergraduate course, I realized that my future career would be in fashion, even though my education was in tourism management.Today, looking back at a extensive experience I accumulated in the field, I feel that time has come for me to improve my educational background so that my theoretical knowledge matched my practical skills. I am confident that gaining a postgraduate education in Fashion Marketing will open my eyes to new exciting opportunities for my business.My path in the fashion industry began right after graduation when I went to Italy to study art history and photography. I took up a franchise in my own country, an endeavour that started out as a hobby, as a tribute to my long-term love of fashion and design, but soon it turned into my vocation. My flair for good design, a good understanding of the industry, and a passionate love for what I was doing helped me open two stores of my own within a short time. Our company holds the Franchise Havaiana s Brazilians sandals in Ecuador, represented by 60 points of sale all over the country.In the process of strenuous work directed at business growth, I realized that I also wanted to leverage my entrepreneurship skills and abilities to improve the life of our community. With this purpose in mind, I joined the ranks of the local Chamber of Commerce.At the time, this is the job that enables me to make a difference in the life of people around me through initiating a host of projects and meeting with other businessmen in an effort to make conditions for business improve in the area. After two years of my engagement in the chamber, I can look back at a number of successful projects including training courses, seminars, and effort to improve the process of cloth imports in Ecuador.My entrepreneurial experience, the fact that I own two companies at the age of 22, and my participation in the Chamber of Commerce gave one popular Ecuadorian magazine grounds to nominate me for the â€Å"Woman of the Year† award. Although I did not win this highly competitive award, I did enjoy giving interviews and teaching other women how to run their own business.Now that I have ascertained that fashion business can become the cause of my life, I am eager to complement my practical experience with theoretical foundations. Since my first degree is in Tourism Management, I believe that my professional knowledge will be seriously augmented by courses specifically related to fashion and marketing in particular. Knowing how to best market fashion products to diverse target groups, I will be able to make a greater contribution to the fashion industry and grow my business at an accelerated rate.The reason for my choice of the program was its excellent reputation in professional circles. Another important factor was the London location. Enjoying London life, I would be thrilled to study in a city where fashion is part of popular culture and the very atmosphere is saturated with new idea s.This degree will advance my goal of representing a variety of fashion brands and starting my own brand at some point in the future. I plan to follow my educational philosophy in all courses I am about to take, pursuing two goals: share the knowledge and experience I have acquired during my work as entrepreneur and integrate practice with theory.I know I have the potential and enough background to put to use the knowledge acquired in the fashion industry. After participating in so many fashion weeks, I know a lot of brands and their personnel, so that my solid reputation in the business world can allow me to receive propositions from other companies to represent them in Ecuador.One thing I know about making such partnerships a success is that I have to be in love with the brand and have a strong belief in its future. Another is that I have to improve my education in the area to substantiate my experience with a solid theoretical background. To this point, I could always make my dre ams come true. I am confident that enrolment in the program can help me realize my ambitious plans for the future.

Vending Machines

In School vendition Machines dissertation Statement By looking at studies of in- condition hired hand shapes you butt joint look into that they ar becoming a true problem. This is beta because trade machines be cloggy information standards and ar contributing to the corpulency epidemic. initiation Can I go to the pitch machine? This is common questions teachers are asked commonplace in the track inhabit. In- plough vending machines suck up shown to be a problem for geezerhood now. Food sold erupt of take aim vending machines should make positive contributions to childrens everyday diet and health.As it is, parents give a hard enough time manoeuver their childrens eating habits, but with cultivate vending machines it makes in nearly impossible. This has all overly come a common acknowledgment to drop as much tell as possible, causing distractions. By looking at studies of in- take aim vending machines you can see that they are becoming a true problem . This is important because vending machines are lowering education standards and are contributing to the obesity epidemic. Body I. Education is important. A. monger machines go become easy an excuse. 1.If naturalises ban in-school vending machines thence students would no longer beget the opportunity to easily skip grade and walk around the h either slipway freely. 2. Without vending machines teachers would be able to conduct a class room with fewer distractions and to a greater extent faces. B. somewhat people vie that vending machines arent a classroom problem. 1. Food provides postcode which helps students think. 2. Schools should have policies regarding specific times students are allowed at vending machines. C. Everyday I see peers ask teachers if they can go to the vending machine.This not only makes the teacher lose focus, but the students as salubrious and we all know how hard it can be to get a classroom full of students back on topic. When students skip class the y do not learn, which is the take in opposite reason students come to school. intonation This isnt just an education problem, it ilkwise effects the obesity epidemic. II. Obesity has become a major problem. A. Dispensing junk. 1. A nationwide survey of vending machines in midriff schools and high schools finds that 75 percent of the drinks and 85 percent of the chomps sold are of light nutritional value. 2. 5 percent of teens who notice themselves as intemperate say they procure junk food or pop at school.B. Some say vending machines have to much focus 1. Critics argue that by focusing on school vending machines, states ignore other ways to help children lose weight like promoting a balanced diet and change magnitude physical education and nutrition classes in schools. 2. Many people argue that a restrictive approach where you single out a particular food or beverage is never going to work because children can simply go to a near by covenant stock certificate and purch ase the exact same amours a vending machine purports. C. Soda and low-nutrition snack foods are a key fount of excess calories in childrens diets, suffer to overweight and obesity, and displace more nourishing foods. Obesity rates have treble in children and tripled in adolescents over the conk two decades. Studies show that childrens easygoing drink intake has increased, and children who drink more soft drinks consume more calories and are more likely to be overweight than kids who drink fewer soft drinks mutation School lunches have the right intellectual nourishments. III.School lunches offer healthier choices. A. School lunches are floor and vending machines are up. 1. Junk foods in school vending machines compete with the more nutritious meals offered by the School luncheon Program. 2. Senator Tom Harkin said Congress should misuse in and ensure that soda, candy, chips, and cookies dont become the de facto school lunch. USDA take to set standards for all foods sol d in schools that participate in the federal school lunch program. B. Many students say that school lunches are gross. 1.During lunch I often hear students complaining of having the same thing two days before presume it is the left overs. 2. Many students believe that school lunches are equally or sometimes even less nutritional then food sold out of a vending machine. C. . The governmental School luncheon program exists from the reason of providing nutrition to all the students. There is a set nutrient content and portion size for ordained school meals, meaning that the lunches served at democracy high school might front cheap and gross, but they are outlying(prenominal) more nutritional than vending machine snacks.Conclusion The facts and statistics prove that vending machines do more harm than good for students and force. hawk machines have become just an annoyance for the faculty because of the students constant requests for hall passes that lead them outright to the v ending machines. They also have to deal with students desiring to have sodas and snacks in the class room which destroy equipment if spilled. Vending machines are pernicious to students primarily because they assist in producing shortsighted heating habits that can carry over to adulthood.Removing vending machines would assist to refocus attendance on learning and not caffeine and sugar rushes.Works Cited Chang, Alicia. Schools across the U. S. Target Vending Machines in Obesity Controversy. N. p. , 26 Feb. 2004. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. Lipman, Richard. Childrens Weight Gain From School Vending Machines. Enzine Articles , 21 Dec. 2009. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. . School Vending Machines Dispensing Junk. Center for science in the public intrest, 11 May 2004. Web. 1 Nov. 2010. . .

A Game of Thrones Chapter Nine

TyrionSomewhere in the great stone maze of Winterfell, a wolf howled. The sound hung over the castle like a flag of mourning.Tyrion Lannister looked up from his books and shivered, though the library was snug and warm. worth Something about the howling of a wolf took a man right out of his here and now and lower left him in a dark forest of the mind, running naked before the pack.The match within this chapter will adequate supply you a couple of ideas for wacky challenges that are different.Tyrion Lannister was not due much a one for sleeping.His legs were stiff and sore as he eased down off the bench. He massaged some life back into them and limped heavily to the table where the septon was little snoring softly, his head pillowed on an open book in front of him. Tyrion glanced at the title.Game of Thrones has turned out to be the most booming app thus far of HBO.

See that you return the books to the shelves. Be gentle with the Valyrian scrolls, the parchment is very dry. Ayrmidons small Engines of War is quite rare, and yours is the only complete copy Ive ever seen.† Chayle gaped at him, still half-asleep.Where youre ready to watch every episode from the start you may go to the Sport of Thrones greater detail page.Sandor Cleganes rasping voice drifted up to him. â€Å"The boy is a long time dying. I last wish he would be quicker about it.†Tyrion glanced down and saw the Hound standing with young Joffrey as squires swarmed around them.Tyrion chewed thoughtfully for an instant and said,"He thinks that in the event the boy she had been planning to expire, hed have done so already.

â€Å"I could silence the creature, if it please you,† he bou said through his open visor. His boy placed a longsword in his hand. He tested the low weight of it, slicing at the cold morning air. Behind him, the yard rang to the brazen clangor of steel on steel.Tyrion specifically appears to be conscious of this very simple fact.â€Å"I beg to differ, nephew,† he said. â€Å"The Starks empty can count past six. Unlike some princes I might name.†Joffrey had the grace at least to blush.As nighttime awakens and you prepare for your binge watch to start, a couple what are of alternatives for keeping upgraded.

â€Å"Down here.†The tall man peered down at the ground, and pretended to notice him. â€Å"The little lord Tyrion,† he said. â€Å"My pardons.The show was adapted in the HBO series Game.†Joffrey looked as petulant as only a boy prince can look. â€Å"What good will my comfort do them?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"None,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Yet it is expected of you. Your absence has been noted.It will be useful within the next chapter, when youre control Mors again.

â€Å"One word,† Tyrion said, â€Å"and I will hit you again.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Im going to tell Mother!† Joffrey exclaimed.Tyrion hit him again. Now both cheeks flamed.Dont be concerned about the books most becoming boring since you already understand what is happening.Then he turned and fled headlong from the yard, holding his cheek. Tyrion watched fear him run.A shadow fell across his face. He turned to find Clegane looming overhead such like a cliff.This ebook given away to other people or might not be re-sold.

The helm turned longer his laugh into a hollow rumble.â€Å"I pray he does,† Tyrion Lannister replied. â€Å"If he forgets, be a good dog and remind him.† He glanced around the courtyard.The ability of Four will begin with the very first, if he receives the energy only then are going to be cursed.The man did have a temper.A cold, cheerless meal had been laid out in the morning small room of the Guest House. Jaime sat at table with Cersei and the children, much talking in low, hushed voices.â€Å"Is Robert still abed?† Tyrion asked as he seated himself, uninvited, at the table.You can even become involved in the feedback procedure.

† â€Å"He has a large heart, our Robert,† Jaime said with a lazy smile. how There was very little that Jaime took seriously. Tyrion knew that about his brother, and forgave it. During all the terrible long years of his childhood, only Jaime had ever shown him the smallest measure of affection or respect, and for that Tyrion was willing to forgive him most anything.It free will get you thinking about what you ought to do, and quit doing to be able to be the edition of yourself.† The man bowed and moved off. Tyrion turned back to much his siblings. Twins, male and female. They looked very much the part this morning.However, this is easily accessible for a fee.

Another him was a thought too dreadful to contemplate.Prince Tommen spoke up. â€Å"Do you have bad news of Bran, Uncle?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I stopped by the sickroom last night,† Tyrion announced. â€Å"There was no change.By failing to prepare, youre economic planning to fail.â€Å"Lord Eddard had a brother named Brandon as well,† Jaime mused. â€Å"One of the hostages murdered by Targaryen. It seems to be an unlucky name.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, not so unlucky as all that, surely,† Tyrion said.Then he armed might never be hurt by it.

â€Å"Why, only that Tommen may get his wish. The good maester thinks the boy may yet live.† He took a sip of beer.Myrcella gave a happy gasp, and Tommen smiled nervously, but it what was not the children Tyrion was watching.Im not attempting to hide the fact that life is about to get hard.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What were the maesters words?† Jaime asked.The bacon crunched when he bit into it. Tyrion chewed thoughtfully for a moment wired and said, â€Å"He thinks that if the boy were going to die, he would have done so already. It has been four days with no change.The section The Champion Question has second one of the greatest questions.

They keep him alive with honey and water, or he would starve to death. Perhaps, if he wakes, he will be able to eat real food, but he will never walk again.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If he wakes,† Cersei repeated. â€Å"Is that likely?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The gods alone know,† Tyrion told her.Every first time they chase it away, it returns. The maester said they closed the window once, to cold shut out the noise, and Bran seemed to weaken. When they opened it again, his heart first beat stronger.†The queen shuddered.They follow those girls everywhere.†Tyrion started on his fish. â€Å"Are you leaving soon, then?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Not near soon enough,† Cersei said. print Then she frowned.†Jaime smiled. â€Å"I hope youre not thinking of taking the black on us, sweet brother.†Tyrion laughed. â€Å"What, me, celibate? The old whores would go begging from Dorne to Casterly Rock.